水稻工厂化育秧和机械插秧技术在黑龙江省庆安县推广的可行性研究

本文系统分析了自然、社会、经济、技术等因素对庆安县育秧、插秧机械化的影响,阐述了推广应用工厂化育秧、机械插秧技术的必要性。文章认为,推广该项技术有助于防止低温冷害,保证水稻高产、稳产。在目前生产力水平下,机械插秧促早熟,可增产5～14％,并可扩大插秧面积,减少适时性损失。在综合分析省内外试验结果的基础上,提出了适应目前农村经济现状的集中播盘分散育秧作业方案。作者认为集中播盘分散育秧,可使水稻种植业向社会化、专业化、商品化发展,解决了农业生产规模小与工厂化育秧集中生产的矛盾。集中播盘分散育秧的机器配备要比现行的工厂化育秧方案亩投资降低60～70％,平均为40～50元/亩。这种方案较适合目前农村经济状况,在庆安具有应用价值。

THE FEASILIBITY STUDY ON EXTENDING THE MECHANIZED RICE SEEDLING NURSERY AND TRANSPLANTING TECHNIQUES IN QINGAN COUNTY, HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

After analyzing the natural, social, economical and technical factors which effect the mechanization of rice seedling nursery and transplanting in Qingan county, the author proved in this paper the necessity and feasibility of extending these techniques which will help protecting the rice plant from cold injury to increase high yield.By using transplanters,rice may ripe earlier, the yield would be 5-14% higher and timeliness losses would be lowered in this county.On the basis of the experiments of the mechanized rice seedling nursery and transplanting techniques held in Heilongjiang and other provinces , the author proposed a new project of centralized plates for seedling and scattered seedling nursery which was appropriate to the rural economy. This project was approved in this paper will be benefitial to solve the contradiction between the small production unit and highly centralized seedling nursery and transplanting. As a result, it will helps the specialization, commercialization and socialization of rice producton in Qingan county. The average cost of the machinery and equipment needed in this project was obtained through optimization to 40-50 yuan per mu, 60-70% less than the metnod generally used.