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中国北方保护性耕作条件下深松效应与经济效益研究
引用本文:何进,李洪文,高焕文.中国北方保护性耕作条件下深松效应与经济效益研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):62-67.
作者姓名:何进  李洪文  高焕文
作者单位:中国农业大学工学院,北京,100083
摘    要:保护性耕作技术是适应中国北方农业发展的一种新型耕作技术,它可以通过深松作业来消除因多年免耕出现的土壤变硬问题。目前对保护性耕作条件下深松的效应和经济效益缺乏深入的研究,在玉米深松过程中还出现的伤苗,功耗大和经济效益低等问题。该文试验研究了在中国北方保护性耕作示范基地上,从1993年开始,通过10多年的时间对保护性耕作条件下的深松效应,测定了传统耕作、深松覆盖和免耕覆盖3种不同耕作方式下的土壤容重、含水率,水分利用率和产量等数据,试验结果表明,在保护性耕作条件下,每4年对土壤深松一次可以解决土壤变硬问题,持续保持作物高的水分利用率和产量,并不需要年年深松。相对深松覆盖(年年深松),4年免耕覆盖+1年深松的耕作方式能提高25%左右的经济效益。同时,针对玉米深松过程中的问题,提出了玉米免耕播种和深松联合作业的方案,试验表明,玉米免耕播种和深松联合作业能有效解决玉米深松过程中出现的一系列问题,促进玉米生长,提高玉米产量,建议在中国北方玉米产区推广这一联合作业技术。

关 键 词:保护性耕作  深松  效应  经济效益
文章编号:1002-6819(2006)10-0062-06
收稿时间:2005-09-19
修稿时间:2005-09-192005-11-14

Subsoiling effect and economic benefit under conservation tillage mode in Northern China
He Jin,Li Hongwen and Gao Huanwen.Subsoiling effect and economic benefit under conservation tillage mode in Northern China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(10):62-67.
Authors:He Jin  Li Hongwen and Gao Huanwen
Institution:College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract:Conservation tillage, which can adapt to agricultural development of northern China well, is a new farming system, and through subsoiling, itcan eliminate the soil compaction created by many years of no-till. Nowadays inthe research field of subsoil technique, Chinese researchers have not conductedthe profound researches on subsoiling effect and economic benefits under conservation tillage, what is more, they have not attached importance to the problems,such as doing harm to maize seedlings, increasing power consumption and reducing economic benefits, etc, which appear frequently during the process of subsoiling for maize. Based on the conservation tillage demonstration sites in northernChina, the authors used more than ten years time and conducted a compositive experimental study of subsoiling effect under conservation tillage since 1993. Thecompositive experiment of subsoiling effect with three different tillage modesof traditional tillage, subsoiling with coverage and no-till with coverage mensurated the data of soil bulk density, water contentt, water use efficiency and yield under different tillage modes, confirmed subsoiling time interval under conservation tillage, i.e., the tillage mode of four-year no-till with coverage plus one-year subsoiling, and the authors analyzed corresponding economic benefits of different tillage modes.The experimental results show, under the condition of conservation tillage, subsoiling every four years can solve soil compaction, keep high water use efficiency and yields of crops continuously and there is no need of subsoiling everyyear. The tillage mode of four-year no-till with coverage plus one-yearsubsoiling is capable of enhancing about 25% economic benefit compared to subsoilingwith coverage(subsoiling every year). At the same time, according to the problems appeared in the process of maize subsoiling, a combined operation scheme of seeding and subsoiling for no-till maize is presented and the experimental result indicates this scheme can account for a serial of above problems existed in the process of maize subsoiling, promote the growth of maize, and increase theyield of maize. It is recommended that the combined operation technique of seeding and subsoiling for no-till maize should be extended in maize-producing areas of northern China.
Keywords:conservation tillage  subsoiling  effect  economic benefit
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