首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      

基于长期定位试验的典型稻麦轮作区作物产量稳定性研究
引用本文:马 力,杨林章,沈明星,夏立忠,李运东,刘国华,殷士学.基于长期定位试验的典型稻麦轮作区作物产量稳定性研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):117-124.
作者姓名:马 力  杨林章  沈明星  夏立忠  李运东  刘国华  殷士学
作者单位:1. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京,210008
2. 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,苏州,215155
3. 扬州大学资源与环境学院,扬州,225009
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030640);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-407)
摘    要:为探讨长期施肥条件下作物持续稳产和高产的途径,利用始于1980年的江苏太湖典型稻麦轮作区水稻土长期定位试验,分析水稻和小麦不同年份产量数据和土壤养分数据,研究了长期不同施肥方式对作物产量稳定性的影响,以及作物产量波动和土壤养分变化相关性。结果表明:各处理试验小区水稻和小麦的平均产量均呈锯齿状波动,受气候和其他因素影响不同年份间的产量变动差异较大。数十年期间,各施肥处理包括对照的水稻和小麦产量均有增长趋势,水稻增产趋势较小麦明显,小麦产量年际间的波动较大。有机肥与化肥配施和秸秆还田较单施化肥或有机肥有更明显的增产效果。水稻产量的稳定性高于小麦,各处理水稻产量的变异系数(CV)较小麦低,而稳定性系数(SYI)较高。其中MPK(有机肥+化肥磷钾)处理的产量稳定性最高,而MNPK(有机肥+化肥氮磷钾)的稳定性最低。施化肥尤其是氮肥可能是造成产量稳定性降低的一个因素。氮肥是增产的主要因素,也可能是引起稻田生态系统稳定性降低的因素。水稻和小麦产量与土壤氮素之间的相关性较显著、相比旱季,在稻季条件下,水稻产量稳定性更高,且增产趋势更明显,说明稻田土壤生态系统可能稳定性较高,并且随着耕作年限的延长其稳定性有提高趋势。

关 键 词:试验,稳定性,氮,稻麦轮作,水稻,小麦,产量
收稿时间:9/1/2010 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2011/2/20 0:00:00

Study on corp yield stability in a typical region of rice-wheat rotation based on long-term fertilization experiment
Ma Li,Yang Linzhang,Shen Mingxing,Xia Lizhong,Li Yundong,Liu Guohua and Yin Shixue.Study on corp yield stability in a typical region of rice-wheat rotation based on long-term fertilization experiment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(4):117-124.
Authors:Ma Li  Yang Linzhang  Shen Mingxing  Xia Lizhong  Li Yundong  Liu Guohua and Yin Shixue
Abstract:To investigate the ways of maintaining high and stable crop yield under long-term fertilization, a long-term field experiment was set up in 1980 in a typical rice-wheat rotation region-the Taihu Lake Region. The changes of rice and wheat yield and soil nutrient under term fertilization in different years, the crop yield stability and the relationship between crop yield and soil organic carbon and nitrogen were analyzed. Results showed that during the period of long-term experiment, the yields of rice and wheat in different treatment plot fluctuated and varied greatly among different years affected by climate and other factors. From statistic results of long-term experiment, increased trends of the yields of wheat and rice were found among different years. The increasing trend of rice yield was more significant than wheat, and yield of wheat fluctuated comparatively larger than rice. Effects of organic manure and crop straw treatments on increasing crop yield were more significant than chemical fertilizer treatments. Yield stability of rice was higher than that of wheat, CV of rice was lower and SYI of rice was higher than that of wheat respectively. The highest yield stability was found in treatment MPK (Manure and fertilizer P, K), but the lowest of that was found in treatment MNPK (Manure and fertilizer N, P, K). Amendments of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer may lead to decline of crop yield stability. Nitrogen fertilizer was the major factor of yield increasing, but may lead to lower stability of paddy ecosystem. Correlation between crop yield and level of soil nitrogen was more significant. Compared to dry season, yield stability and increasing of wheat was more significant in wheat season, indicated a higher sustainability of paddy soil ecosystem which may be improved with years of cultivation.
Keywords:experiment  stability  nitrogen  rice-wheat rotation  rice  wheat  yield
本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号