不同氮肥水平对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响

为合理施肥，实现设施栽培蔬菜的优质高产，该文就5种氮肥水平（不施肥、只施基肥膨化于鸡粪22．5t／hm^2、基肥＋追肥N540、1080、2160kg／hm^2）对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随施肥量的增加黄瓜果实的维生素C、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和有机酸含量均有增加的趋势，风味也有改善，味甜、香气浓，但黄瓜硝酸盐含量呈直线上升。施肥过量还会导致黄瓜脆度下降，商品瓜率和总产量显著降低。综合考虑产量和品质两个因素，在中等使用年限，中等土壤肥力的日光温室黄瓜冬春茬栽培中，每公顷施用于鸡粪22．5t作为基肥，配施化学肥料N540kg做为追肥，能获得较高的产量和较好的品质；过少或过量的施肥均不利于黄瓜产量和品质的形成。

Effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels on quality and yield of cucumber cultivated in solar greenhouse

In order to fertilize properly and get high quality and yield vegetables cultivated in greenhouse, the effects of five different nitrogen fertilization levels(no fertilization, dry ckien manure 22.5 t/hm² as base fertilizer and dry chickn manure 22.5 t/hm² as base fertilizer plus N 540, 1080 or 2160 kg/hm² as dressing fertilizer) on quality and yield of cucumbers cultivated in solar greenhouse were investigated. The results indicate that the contents of ascorbic acid, soluble protein, free amino acid, soluble sugar and organic acid increase with the increase of fertilization level. The flavor is improved as well with the increase of fertilization level. At the same time the nitrogen content in cucumber also increases with the increase of fertilization level. Too much fertilizer causes the decrease in crisp, marketable fruit rate and yield of cucumber. Considering the factors of both quality and yield, dry chicken manure 22.5 t/hm² as base fertilizer and N 540 kg/hm² as dressing fertilizer are recommended during winter-spring season cucumber cultivation in greenhouse with medium soil fertility according to experiment.