都市郊区乡村景观多功能权衡-协同关系演变

针对景观功能相互表征的科学性和景观多功能间关系定量化问题,采用Spearman秩次相关系数分析和双变量空间自相关相方法,对上海市青浦区184个行政村1980-2015年的乡村景观多功能间权衡-协同关系变化特征进行研究,结果表明:1)农业生产功能不能取代经济发展功能,青浦区经济发展功能已成为主导的功能形态。2)该区乡村景观多功能间权衡-协同关系时空差异显著,表现为:生产功能-生活功能以协同为主,空间上沿中轴线扩散;生产功能-生态功能以权衡为主,空间上从中部向东部扩散;生活功能-生态功能权衡-协同关系较为均衡,权衡区由中部向东部扩散,协同区由西部向北部和南部扩散。农业生产功能与经济发展功能、经济发展功能与生态调节功能/环境维衡功能为该区不可回避的矛盾;经济发展功能与景观美学功能间权衡关系显著,且两者关系格局呈东部权衡西部协同,且权衡区的数量递增;经济发展功能与空间承载功能呈现东部权衡和西部协同,且协同区呈增长趋势;景观美学功能与生态调节功能/环境维衡功能间权衡区集中在青东区域,协同区分布于青西区域,且权衡区数量先增后减,协同区先减后增。3)时空结合的分析方法能准确全面的反映乡村景观多功能间权衡-协同关系演变特征。

Evolution on trade-offs and synergy of multifunction of rural landscape in metropolitan suburbs

The rural landscape function has obvious temporal and spatial heterogeneity, and exploring the relationship between landscape functions has become the focus of landscape ecology research. Aiming at the scientific representation of landscape function and the quantification of landscape multifunctional relationship, taking Qingpu district of Shanghai as an example, 6 kinds of landscape functions were constructed according to the functional framework of "production, life and ecology". Based on the data from 1980 to 2015, the variation characteristics of multi-functional trade-off and synergy relationships of rural landscape in 184 administrative villages in this area were studied by using the method of Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The following results are obtained: 1) the agricultural production function of urban suburbs cannot replace the function of economic development. The economic development function of Qingpu district has become the leading functional. 2) The spatial and temporal differences of the multi-functional trade-off and synergy relationships of rural landscape in Qingpu district from 1980 to 2015 were significant. The production function- living function is led by the cooperative relationship, the space was spread along the central axis, the production function- ecological function was dominated by the trade-off relationship, the space was spread from the middle to the east, and the living function -ecological function trade-off the cooperative relationship was more balanced, The trade-off relationship was spread from the middle to the east and the synergy was spread from the west to the north and south. The contradiction between agricultural production function - economic development function (EDF), economic development function- ecological regulation function (ERF)/ environmental maintain function (EMF) was the inevitable contradiction in this area, and the economic development of this area was realized at the expense of ecological environment. There was a significant trade-off relationship between the EDF and landscape aesthetic function (LAF), and the pattern of the relationship between the two was the synergy of the eastern trade-off west, and the number of weighing areas was increasing. The relationship between EDF and spatial bearing function presents the pattern of eastern trade-off and western coordination, and the cooperative relationship area showed an increasing trend. The trade-off area between LAF-ERF/EMF was concentrated in Qingdong area, and the cooperative area was distributed in Qingxi area, and the number of weighing area increases at first and then decreases. The synergy area decreases at first and then increases. 3) The analysis method of temporal and spatial combination can accurately and comprehensively reflect the evolution characteristics of multi-functional trade-offs & synergies relationships of multifunctional rural landscape. The correlation analysis of multi-function and single time dimension of rural landscape cannot fully and accurately represent the change of multi-functional relationship, and there are differences in the pattern of space-time relationship. The relationship between spatial carrying function and ecological regulation function/environmental balance function was found to be compatible in time and tradeoff in space. And the results of time synergy and spatial tradeoff between agricultural production function and ecological regulation function/environmental balance function verify the scientific nature of using space-time model to analyze the multi-function tradeoff-synergy relationship of rural landscape.