京郊卫星城区域农村居民点土地利用特征分析

分析大城市卫星城区域农村居民点用地的利用特征及其空间布局，有助于更好地了解农村居民点用地的结构与功能变化。该文选择北京市重点建设的卫星城顺义区为研究区，以第二次全国土地调查数据为基础，运用计量地理模型与GIS技术相结合的方法，对农村居民点用地及其内部结构进行了分析。分析结果表明：反映农村产业经济活动的工业用地、仓储用地成为农村居民点重要的用地组合类型，农村居民点内部用地类型丰富，部分镇区内的农村居民点用地中工业用地占据绝对优势。农村居民点利用空间差异显著，区位作用突出。中西部区域的农村居民点平均规模偏大，区位指数和多样化指数较高；而稳定性指数表现出自西向东逐渐提升的格局，但在空港物流经济影响下的农村居民点用地的稳定性较高，用地形态相对规整。顺义区农村人口与农村居民点在空间上的分布明显脱节，大量农村人口聚集于城镇边缘地带，该区域农村工业化倾向突出，农村人口基本上已经脱离了传统的农业生产。农村居民点用地及其内部结构特征体现出不同生产力发展水平，农村产业发展已成为推动农村居住与生产空间形态发生变化的最直接的动力。研究结论表明，农村居民点用地利用特征及其空间格局，是对农村居住与生产空间形态的直接反映，随着农村经济发展，农村土地越来越具有城镇用地的特征，因而在农村土地管理和规划上也必然要求有相应的改革和发展。研究结果可为土地规划、整治、农村产业发展和新型城镇化提供参考。

Analysis on utilization characteristics of rural residential land use in satellite city area of Beijing

Abstract: The sprawl of a metropolis driven by urbanization has a positive impact on the expansion of satellite cities around it, which also results in rapid changes of regional land use types. The purpose of this research aimed at deeply understanding the utilization characteristics of rural residential land in the satellite city area of Beijing. In this paper, taking the key construction satellite city of Beijing, Shunyi District, as a study area, based on the vector data base of a second national land survey in 2009, combining the methods of quantitative geography models and GIS spatial analysis technology, analyses were conducted of the utilization characteristics, internal structure, and spatial distribution and driving force of the rural residential area. It was concluded that: 1) In the course of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the rural residential land in metropolitan and satellite city areas also manifest obvious changes. The demands of space and raw material storage of industries diversifies the land use types in rural residential land. There are many land use types in rural residential areas, and the industrial land and warehouse land have been the important types, which reflect the rural economic activities, especially, some towns' industrial land area has been the dominant land use type. 2) Spatial differences are significantly large in the utilization of rural residential land of different towns, with the role of location factors being relatively prominent. The average size of the rural residential area of the central and western regions were too large, and the location index and diversity index are relatively high; the stability index shows a spatial pattern that rose gradually from west to east, but the rural residential land that are involved in the economic impact of airport logistics had higher stability, and its land using forms were more regular. 3) The spatial distribution of the rural population and rural residential areas showed obviously disjoint, with a large number of the rural population, who have been almost taken out of traditional agricultural production, gathered at the edge of the built-up areas. 4) The rural residential land and its internal structure characteristics reflect different levels of development of productive forces, and rural industrial development has become the most direct driving force in promoting space morphological changes of rural living and production. So, the research concluded that the rural residential land is similar to the utilization of urban land with the development of the rural economy, therefore there is a need for rural residential land management and planning which inevitably leads to reform and development. In order to optimize future spatial layout of a metropolis, satellite cities, town and rural residential land, and proper spatial layout of cities, towns and villages need to be optimized. And rural residential land located on the outskirts of satellite cities should be consolidated first in the priority order. Finally, the paper can provide an academic basis for rural residential land planning, land consolidation, and new countryside construction and rural industrial development in practice.