坡面径流水蚀动力参数室内试验及模糊贴近度分析

为了确定何种水蚀动力参数能更好地描述径流剥蚀土壤的过程，该文在坡度为3°～30°和流量为2.5～6.5 L/min范围内采用变坡土槽径流冲刷试验,对土壤水蚀动力过程进行了系统模拟，并运用模糊贴近度的分析方法,系统地研究了坡面水蚀动力参数(单宽径流能耗、水流剪切力、水流功率和单位水流功率)与土壤剥蚀率之间的贴近程度。研究结果表明:流量相同时,单宽能耗与土壤剥蚀率贴近程度最大,水流功率次之，且单宽能耗和水流功率分别与土壤剥蚀率呈线性关系，该研究说明单宽能耗和水流功率能较好地描述径流剥蚀土壤过程。

Laboratory experiment and fuzzy nearness degree analysis of runoff hydrodynamic erosion factors on slope land surface

In order to determine what kind of hydrodynamic erosion factors can describe the runoff detaching soil process more accurately, soil hydrodynamic erosion process was simulated systemically by runoff scouring experiment in a flume with the gradient of the slope ranging from 3° to 30° and the flow discharge from 2.5 to 6.5 L/min. And at the same time, nearness degrees between the hydrodynamic erosion factors, including flow energy consumption per unit width, flow shear stress, stream power, unit stream power, and soil detachment rate were calculated and analyzed by applying the theory of fuzzy nearness degree. Results show that the nearness degree between flow energy consumption per unit width and soil detachment rate is the highest and the relationships between them are linear when the flow discharges are the same. And the nearness degree between stream power and soil detachment rate is the second highest and the relationship between them is also linear. The research shows that the runoff detaching soil process can be described more accurately by the factors of flow energy consumption per unit width and stream power.