黄土高原小流域不同坡地利用方式的水土流失特征

坡地是黄土高原水土流失的主要来源，坡地利用方式与水土流失的关系研究是黄土高原水土流失综合治理与植被恢复中的重要基础科学问题。在陕北神木县六道沟小流域内，选择谷子地、黑豆地、退耕撂荒地、荒草地和柠条地等5种利用方式修建标准径流小区，观测了产流产沙状况，分析比较其水土流失特征。结果表明：观测期内谷子、黑豆、退耕撂荒、荒草和柠条等5个小区的产流量分别为2.1、2.2 、1.5、1.2和0.9 m3，径流系数分别为4.1%、4.6%、2.9%、2.4%和1.9%，产流量大小顺序为黑豆＞谷子＞退耕撂荒＞荒草＞柠条，最大产流量为最小值的2.4倍。谷子、黑豆、退耕撂荒、荒草和柠条等5个小区的侵蚀产沙量分别为196.6、228.6、27.2、23.3和10.4 kg，其大小顺序为黑豆＞谷子＞退耕荒草＞天然荒草＞柠条，最大土壤流失量为最小值的22.0倍，表明草灌木等植被类型在保持水土的作用方面要明显高于坡耕地，为评价流域植被恢复的水土环境效应和水土流失治理模式选择提供了基础数据参考。

Characteristics of soil and water loss of different slope land uses in small watershed on the Loess Plateau

The study on the relationship between land uses and soil and water loss was of great significance to the soil and water conservation and the ecosystem restoration of small watersheds on the Loess Plateau.In the Liudaogou catchment located in Shenmu County,north Shaanxi,China,five standard runoff plots were built on the five natural slopes with different land use patterns on them for observing the runoff and sediment yield produced under these slope land uses (caragana,soybean,millet,artificial grassland and...