黄土高原沟壑区粮食生产的资源环境成本

针对粮食生产过程中的资源消耗和环境降级问题，以黄土高原沟壑区的陕西省长武县为研究对象，运用环境经济学估算方法，对粮食生产的资源环境成本进行了研究。结果表明：2008年该区粮食生产资源环境损失总价值相当于当年农业总产值的19.05%；小麦和玉米的资源环境成本分别达到2.02和1.19元/kg，总成本分别为4.08和2.23元/kg，而出售价格仅1.72和1.28元/kg，高成本低效益状况对区域粮食安全及生态经济持续发展产生不利影响；对粮食总成本中的各要素进行因子分析得出，资源环境成本和化肥费用是其主要因素。在现有生产条件下加大农业科技投入，提高生产资料利用效率，发展现代生态农业，是降低粮食成本维持区域持续发展的重要举措。

Resource-environmental cost of grain production in the gully areas of Loess Plateau

For the resource depletion and environmental degradation in grain production, environmental economic methods were applied to investigate the resource-environmental cost of grain production in the gully area of Loess Plateau. In the study area in 2008, the resource-environmental loss due to grain production was 19.05% of the total agricultural output, and the resource-environmental cost reached to 2.02 Yuan/kg for wheat and 1.19 Yuan/kg for corn, the total cost was 4.08 Yuan/kg and 2.23 Yuan/kg respectively. However, the procurement price was only 1.72 Yuan/kg for wheat and 1.28 Yuan/kg for corn. The situation of high production cost and low income affected food security and the sustainable development of local ecological economy. The factor analysis on the various factors among the total cost of wheat and corn indicated that agricultural chemical fertilizer cost and resource-environmental cost were the important factors affecting the total cost of grain production. Under current production conditions, the resource-environmental cost of grain production in the area could be reduced by raising the level of scientific and technical inputs, improving the utilizing efficiency of the means of production, and evolving ecological agriculture, so that the sustainable development of the area can be maintained.