农村土地征迁数字化改革的系统框架设计

当前,数字化已经成为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的核心着力点,也是农村土地治理未来改革的关键方向之一。针对传统农村土地征迁中存在交易成本过高问题,该研究基于交易成本理论视角,探索了农村土地征迁数字化改革的"需求挖掘-底线划定-功能支撑"三维系统框架,强调要在厘清政府、用地单位、土地原权益主体的基本需求、核心需求和冲突需求的基础上,坚持治理的法律底线、空间底线和监管底线,进而分类设计各个数字化现实与未来功能模块以充分降低交易成本、集成多元共享、提升运作效率。结果表明：该系统框架能够有效指导浙江省智慧"数字征迁"系统的开发设计,通过"需求挖掘"满足了政府、用地单位、村集体和农民三类主要参与者的基本与核心需求,分析化解了信息不对称、话语权博弈、冲突传导等问题;通过"底线划定"明确了征迁流程法律与空间的执行边界,实现了征迁全流程监管系统构建并稳定了征迁环境;通过"功能分析"统筹了数字征迁的现实功能与升级功能,最终能够降低协商与决策成本,执行与监管成本,以及管理与沉没成本。此外,该系统框架也能为未来农村土地治理数字化转型提供参考,助推提升国土空间数字化和治理能力现代化水平。

System framework design of the digital reform of rural land acquisition and relocation

Abstract: At present, digitization has become the core of promoting the modernization of national governance capacity, and it is also one of the significant directions of rural land governance reform in the future. In order to solve the problems of unclear concepts and the lack of logical framework in rural land digital governance, this paper attempts to establish a three-dimensional system framework of "demand-baseline-function" based on the perspective of the transaction cost. This framework emphasizes that the construction of the digital system of land acquisition and relocation needs first to clarify the basic needs, core needs, and conflict needs of the participants, which include government, land users, and the original land stakeholder. And to adhere to the legal bottom line, spatial bottom line, and regulatory bottom line of governance. Furthermore, the digital system needs to classify and design various digital reality, and future functional modules to entirely reduce transaction costs, integrate multiple sharing systems, and improve overall operational efficiency. In our study, Zhejiang Province, which is at the forefront of China''s land governance digital reform in recent years, is selected as the experimental area for system design, where the main problem in the process of land acquisition and relocation is the high transaction cost. And the local government hopes to effectively solve this problem by building a digital system. When combined with the actual system design, it is found that the "demand-baseline-function" framework effectively guided the development and design of the "intelligent land acquisition and demolition" digital system in Zhejiang Province in the actual application situation, reduced transaction costs, and filled the logical blank of the previous land digital governance system. Through demand analysis, the system provides the port to meet the basic and core needs of the government, land users, collectives, and farmers and resolves the problems of information asymmetry, discourse game, and conflict transmission, which can effectively reduce the transaction cost of the game between the subjects; Through the distinction of the bottom line, the system clarifies the implementation boundary of the law and space of the land requisition and relocation process and constructs the whole supervision system of land requisition and relocation, which stabilizes the land requisition and relocation environment. Through functional analysis, the system coordinates the actual function and upgrade function of the "intelligent land acquisition and demolition" digital system. This logical framework effectively reduces the negotiation and decision cost, implementation and supervision cost, and management and sunk costs in land acquisition and demolition. Therefore, the "demand baseline function" framework has reference significance in solving the transaction cost problem in the digital reform of land governance. At the same time, since it is aimed at the most common transaction cost in rural land governance, the underlying construction logic of this framework is also applicable to other areas lacking digital construction guidance. In addition, the logical framework of the system can also provide a reference for the digital transformation of rural land governance in the future and help to improve the digital level of land space and the modernization of governance capacity.