基于多元主体协同的县域耕地质量调控模式与整治时序分区

基于耕地利用与保护过程中多元主体协同的综合视角构建耕地质量调控模式，探索耕地质量整治时序分区及其具体应用模式，对合理有序地开展耕地资源整治与建设具有重要意义。该研究以华北集约化农区曲周县为研究区，在耕地质量评价的基础上，运用生态位障碍因子诊断模型识别耕地质量障碍因子，并结合耕地质量建设主体动力特征，从主体和客体协同视角构建耕地质量调控模式，进而基于耕地质量空间分布特征划分耕地质量整治分区，探索不同分区耕地质量调控模式的具体应用及其整治时序。结果表明：1）曲周县耕地质量以高等和中等为主，共占耕地总面积的77.42%，平均等级为2.54，总体处于高等质量和中等质量之间，但耕地质量局部呈现显著的正向集聚性；2）曲周县耕地质量各个指标不同障碍度等级的面积特征具有显著的差异性，耕地质量的主要障碍因子为有机质含量、地下水埋深、灌溉保证率、土壤阳离子交换量、全氮、有效磷和土体构型；3）基于政府、农户、村集体、企业、高校等不同主体建设动力，以耕地质量主要障碍因子整治为基本导向，从主导、核心、参与、指导、纽带等角度分析政府、农户、企业、高校、村集体等主体在生长条件、肥力水平、生产条件、水盐状况等不同维度的作用，从调控维度、调控指标、调控措施和调控主体等层面综合构建曲周县耕地质量总体调控模式；4）曲周县耕地质量可划分为优先建设区、重点建设区、潜在建设区和一般建设区四个整治分区，提出了耕地质量调控模式在不同整治分区的具体应用，制定了优先区近期建设、重点区中期建设、潜在区远期建设和一般区长期建设的耕地质量整治时序。该研究基于多元主体协同视角构建县域尺度耕地质量调控模式和识别耕地质量整治时序，可为市级和省级等不同尺度构建耕地质量调控模式与制定耕地质量整治时序提供基础依据。

Quality regulation pattern and consolidation time zone of county-level cultivated land based on multi agent collaboration

Cultivated land is one of the most important resources in modern agriculture. Quality regulation and time-sequence zoning have been also of great significance for the consolidation and construction of cultivated land resources, from the comprehensive perspective of the synergy of multiple subjects in the process of cultivated land use and protection. In this study, Quzhou County, an intensive agricultural region in the North China Plain, was taken as the study area. A diagnostic model of ecological niche obstacle factors was then applied to identify the obstacles to the quality of cultivated land. Combined with the main body, the regulation model was then constructed from the synergistic perspective of the main body and the object. The construction zones of cultivated land quality were divided, according to the spatial distribution. The specific application of the regulation model was explored in the different zones, in order to determine the time sequence of the consolidation. The results showed that: 1) The quality of cultivated land was dominated by the high and medium, which together accounted for 77.42% of the total. The average grade of cultivated land quality was 2.54 between high and medium quality. However the cultivated land quality locally showed a significant positive agglomeration. 2) There were different area characteristics at the different obstacle levels for each indicator of cultivated land quality. The main obstacle factors of cultivated land quality were the soil organic matter, groundwater depth, irrigation guarantee rate, soil cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil profile constitution. 3) The roles of the different subjects (such as government, farmers, enterprises, universities, and village collectives) were determined in the different dimensions (such as growth condition, fertility status, production condition, water, and salt condition) from the perspectives of dominant, core, participatory, guiding, and linkage. The main obstacle factors were consolidated to improve the quality of cultivated land as the basic orientation. Then, the overall framework of the regulation model was comprehensively constructed from the aspects of control dimensions, indicators, measures, and subjects. 4) The quality of cultivated land was divided into four remediation sub-zones: priority, key, potential, and general consolidation zoning. The specific application of the regulation model was proposed in different consolidation sub-zones. Meanwhile, a time sequence was established to consolidate cultivated land quality for near-term construction in the priority zone, medium-term construction in the key zone, long-term construction in the potential zone, and long-term construction in the general zone. A regulation model can be expected to identify the time sequences of quality consolidation for the cultivated land at the county scale using the synergistic perspective of multiple subjects. The finding can provide a basic basis for constructing the quality regulation model and time sequences of cultivated land at different scales, such as the municipal and provincial levels.