双孢蘑菇工厂化生产关键配套装置设计与试验

针对双孢蘑菇工厂化生产过程中有关二次发酵培养料装盘-码盘,托盘在育菇床架收布及双孢蘑菇采摘3个关键作业环节,分别设计了与各环节相配套的培养料连续装盘-码盘装置、培养料托盘机械化收布装置及与机械式育菇床架配合使用的移动式采菇滑车等作业装置,结合双孢蘑菇栽培技术要求确定了该配套装置各关键部件设计参数,并进行了作业性能测试。装置性能试验结果表明:设计的相关作业环节配套装置运行可靠、稳定,培养料压实厚度保持在269.8~281.5 mm,紧实度均值达到491.4 kg/m3,压实均匀性保持在97.38%~99.62%之间,压实效果满足双孢蘑菇后续工厂化生产需求;涉及3个工段的装置基本运行生产时间不超过5 min,提高了双孢蘑菇工厂化生产效率;设计装置产量效应显著,配套装置栽培双孢蘑菇的小区产量均值可达17.61 kg/m2,较传统人工栽培提高了5.79 kg/m2。研究结果将为双孢蘑菇工厂化生产配套装置的设计研发提供参考。

Design and experiment of key assorted device based on factory production of Agaricus bisporus

Abstract: China''s factory production of edible fungi is relatively late compared with that of developed countries in Europe and America. The production of the Agaricus bisporus is mainly the traditional seasonal cultivation assisted with the annual production of factory in China. Due to that the research of factory production technology and equipment is relatively backward, the most of the Agaricus bisporus production still mainly remains in the family small-scale artificial cultivation and the supporting equipment is seriously insufficient. Therefore, the low level of factory production technology and equipment of the Agaricus bisporus has restricted the production development of Chinese Agaricus bisporus. Aiming at part of the operation steps in the factory production (the fill plate-put plate with second-phase compost, the compost pallet putting and recycling, the picking) of Agaricus bisporus, the key assorted device was designed, which includes the device of continuous fill plate-put plate with second-phase compost, compost pallet putting and recycling device, mechanical nurture bed and movable trolley of picking agaricus bisporus. Combined with the cultivation technique requirement of Agaricus bisporus, the key design parameters were determined and the performance tests were carried out. When the lifting capacity of the loading elevator was 26.31 kg/s, the maximum operation pressure of controllable compaction device was guaranteed at 900 Pa and the elevator motor power of movable trolley of picking Agaricus bisporus was 200 W, which were able to ensure the feasibility of the factory production of Agaricus bisporus with the two-zone cultivation. The device performance test showed that the related key assorted device was reliable and stable, the compaction thickness of the compost was kept at 269.8-281.5 mm, the average compactness of compost was 491.4 kg/m3 and the compaction uniformity of compost was between 97.38% and 99.62%. So the compaction effect of compost was satisfied with the subsequent factory production demand of Agaricus bisporus. The basic operation time of the key assorted device involved in the 3 sections did not exceed 5 min; the time of elevation of empty plate was 8-10 s, the time of automatic feeding was 18-20 s, the time of mechanical compactness was 15-18 s, the time of descent of putting plate was 10-12 s, the time of transport time between sections was 45-55 s, the time of compost pallet putting and recycling device with putting pallet was 90-120 s, and the time of movable trolley of picking Agaricus bisporus was 55-60 s; and the factory production efficiency of Agaricus bisporus was improved. The yield effect of the design device was remarkable, and the Agaricus bisporus pileus diameter was 51.8 mm, the pileus thickness was 25.6 mm, the stipe length was 17.3 mm and the single quality was 26.25 g. The plot yield of Agaricus bisporus with the key assorted device was 17.61 kg/m2 and it increased by 5.79 kg/m2 compared with the traditional artificial cultivation. The results of the study provide reference for the design of key assorted device based on factory production technique for Agaricus bisporus.