4TSQ-2型甜菜切顶机设计及试验

针对甜菜分段收获技术需求,结合国内外甜菜收获技术及装备,该文提出了一种甜菜秧缨粉碎与顶部定切厚方式,并设计了切顶机。该切顶机主要由碎缨清理装置和仿形切顶装置组成,可一次完成甜菜缨叶的粉碎及青头的切削。理论分析了该机的关键部件结构参数及传动配置关系,确定了辊轴上2排甩刀或4排橡胶条的排列方式、25片/m的甩刀排列密度和26片/m的橡胶条排列密度,以及甩刀、橡胶条的结构参数。通过对仿形切顶装置进行运动学和力学分析,明确了连架杆、仿形板及切刀决定仿形效果及切顶质量,并确定了位置仿形机构和定厚切顶机构的关键结构参数。田间试验结果表明,该机的切顶合格率为93.6%,多切率为2.1%,满足甜菜切顶收获的指标要求。

Design and test of 4TSQ-2 sugar beet top cutter

Based on the requirements of harvesting methods and harvesting for sugar beet at home and abroad,a method of smashing leaf and top cutting thickness was proposed,and a kind of fixed thickness top cutter was designed.The machine can complete the smashing leaf,cleaning leaf and cutting top of sugar beet at one time,which is composed of traction frame,hydraulic cylinder,transmission system,smashing leaf mechanism,cleaning leaf mechanism,position following mechanism,pressure adjustment mechanism,equal thickness cutting mechanism,walking mechanism,and so on.Among them,the smashing leaf mechanism,cleaning leaf mechanism,position following mechanism and equal thickness cutting mechanism are the key components.Through theoretical analysis,the transmission configuration relationships were obtained,and the structural parameters of the key components were determined.The smashing leaf mechanism is composed of 2 rows of rotary knife,and installation density of knife was 25 pieces/m.The cleaning leaf mechanism is composed of 4 rows of rubber strips,and installation density of rubber strips was 26 pieces/m.And the misalignment arrangement of the spacer and the rotary knife or the spacer and the rubber strip was designed for smashing or cleaning leaf.The structural parameters of the S-shaped rotary knife and the rectangle rubber strip were determined to meet the strength requirements of the parts,the cleaning effect and the lower damage of the beet.The blade angleε1 was 26°,the slip angleβ1 was 15°,the bend angleφwas 120°,the rotary knife width B1 was 40 mm,the length L3 was 170 mm;the rubber strip width B2 was 40 mm,the thickness b was 5 mm,the length L4 was 260 mm.Through the kinematics and mechanical analysis of the following cutters,important working parts of the side rod,following board and the cutter were designed,which affect the quality of the cutting beet top.And the important structural parameters of the position following mechanism were determined,which affect the work quality of the cutting device.Combined with the working process of the sugar beet cutter,the installation position and structural parameters of the cutter were determined.The structural parameters included:the connecting rod L6 of 320 mm,the following board height H3 of 125 mm,the following board bending angleα2 of 35°,the following board installation angleβ2 of 55°,and the cutting angleε2 of 25°,cutting rake angleδof the knife of 0°,and the cutter width B4 of 50 mm.The field test results show that the top-cutting pass rate is 93.6%,and the multi-cutting rate is 2.1%,which meets the index requirements of beet top harvesting.This research can provide basis for the development of sugar beet harvester.