提高燃油经济性的拖拉机变速控制策略

为实现对液压机械无级变速拖拉机的最佳燃油经济性控制,分析发动机及液压机械无级变速器(hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission, HMCVT)对拖拉机燃油经济性的影响,研究拖拉机最佳燃油经济性无级变速控制策略,该文针对发动机和HMCVT二元调节无级变速拖拉机,分析了发动机燃油消耗率和变速器的效率变化特性,提出了以发动机有效燃油消耗率g_e与HMCVT传动效率η_b的比值g_e/η_b为指标的最佳燃油经济性无级变速控制策略及拖拉机负载反馈控制原理。采用参数循环算法,求算出拖拉机在负载特性场内任意工作点下的最佳发动机转速、转矩、HMCVT的最佳变速比,保证了二元协同调节下拖拉机最佳燃油经济性变速控制策略的工程实现。计算结果显示:最佳变速比的分布呈现梯田状,平台部分的最佳变速比对应HMCVT纯机械传动时的工作状态,此时HMCVT处于传动效率最高点,并且在变速器传动效率高于0.92的工作区,最佳变速比的分布比例高达72.84%。相比较一元调节下分别以g_e、g_e/η_b为指标、二元调节下以g_e为指标的3种变速控制策略,明显降低了拖拉机燃油消耗率。牵引功率范围内,当拖拉机在某一目标车速下稳定工作时,在基于g_e/η_b最小化的二元调节变速控制策略调控下,拖拉机更可能在较低油耗状态下工作。表明以g_e/η_b为指标的二元调节拖拉机最佳燃油经济性变速控制策略能够提高拖拉机在任意工况下的燃油经济性。

Speed changing control strategy for improving tractor fuel economy

In order to realize the optimal fuel economy of tractors equipped with hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(HMCVT), the speed changing control strategy of tractors was studied based on the analysis of the influence of the engine and HMCVT on the tractor’s fuel economy. For the tractors binary adjusted by engine and HMCVT, brake specific fuel consumption and HMCVT transmission efficiency have great changes at different work points. Based on the characteristic, the paper put forward a kind of control strategy of optimal fuel economy which take the ratio of brake specific fuel consumption g_e to HMCVT transmission efficiency η_b as the index. A load feedback control principle of tractors was designed to ensure stable driving of tractors under any target speed and improve operational quality. The optimal engine speed, torque and HMCVT speed ratio of tractors at any working point in the load characteristic field were calculated by using the parameter cycle algorithm, which ensured the engineering realization of the optimal fuel economic control strategy of tractors under the dual coordinated regulation. The results showed that the distribution of the optimal speed ratio appeared in the form of terraced field. The optimal speed ratio of the platform part corresponded to the working state of the pure mechanical drive of HMCVT. At this time, HMCVT was at the highest efficiency point. The distribution percentage of optimal speed ratio reached 72.84% when transmission efficiency of HMCVT was higher than 0.92, and reached 54.16% when transmission efficiency was higher than 0.94. This meant that HMCVT mainly worked at high-efficiency area under the control strategy of optimal fuel economy. Compared with unary regulation which took g_e or g_e/η_b as the index and the binary regulation which take g_e as the index, the tractor fuel consumption was obviously reduced. The surface of g_e/η_b was smoother, which was more suitable for the complex working environment of tractors. Under the control of the optimal strategy of fuel economy, the working point proportion of the low fuel consumption area in the whole load characteristic field was 3.03, 1.27 and 1.20 times as great as the other three speed changing control strategies;while the proportion of high fuel consumption area was 0.183, 0.299 and 0.439 times as few as the other three control strategies. It showed that tractor was more likely to work in lower fuel consumption state, when it worked stably at a certain targ_et speed. The research suggested that the optimal fuel economic speed changing control strategy of tractors with g_e/η_b as the index can improve the fuel economy of tractors under any working condition. The results lay a foundation for the realization of the control strategy of the follow-up engineering and the test verification.