基于适宜性与发展水平评价的村庄用地类型划分

科学划分村庄用地类型并提出差异化的整治策略,是编制村庄发展规划和建设用地减量规划的基础。该文以北京市密云区为例,基于土地利用、兴趣点和社会统计等数据,从自然条件和用地形态2方面构建村庄用地适宜性评价模型,从区位条件、基础设施、生态条件和资源产业4方面构建村庄发展状况评价模型,系统分析村庄用地适宜性与村庄发展状况及其二者的组合状态,进而划分村庄用地类型。结果表明:1)密云区村庄用地适宜性呈现明显的从西南到东北降低的分布趋势;2)村庄发展指数较高的村庄主要分布在西南区域的环密云城区一带,其次是中部围绕密云水库区域,北部区域村庄发展水平较低;3)基于二者的评价结果将全区村庄用地划分为9种组合,进而合并为4种村庄用地类型。该研究可为村庄用地的高效、有序整治利用提供依据。

Classification of village land types based on suitability and development evaluation

It is necessary to scientifically divide village lands and further propose a differentiated governance strategy, which is the premise and basis to plan village development and reduction of construction lands. Generally, the village land is characterized by "large amount, scattered layout, low efficiency and poor environment". Beijing has entered the era of "reduction development". In Miyun District, the lands are governed scientifically, and it is of great significance to optimize ecological spatial pattern and protect ecological environment. The renovation of village land is a complex and systematic project, which is affected by the natural environment conditions, economic development level, development and construction conditions and location conditions of rural areas. Taking Miyun District of Beijing as a case, based on land use, points of interest and social statistics data, this paper constructed a land suitability evaluation model in view of natural conditions and land patterns. Moreover, the evaluation model was built for village development status from four angles-location conditions, infrastructure,ecological conditions and resource industry,then systematically analyzed village land suitability, village development status and their combination, and divided the type of village lands in the end. The results showed that: 1) The suitability index of village land in Miyun District is between 33-97, the village lands in Miyun District were mostly suitable, but in a trend of decreasing from southwest to northeast;2) The village development index of Miyun District is between 22.2 and 78.7, villages with higher development index were mainly located in the area around Miyun city in the southwest region, followed by the central part around the Miyun reservoir area, and those in northern area were underdeveloped;3) based on the evaluation results of both, the village lands in the whole district were divided into nine groups that were further classified into four village types. Among them, the area around Miyun city in southwest was filled with urbanization development types, where it was appropriate to implement governance strategies on urbanization development;in eastern and northern regions, there were villages of adjusted-optimization development types, and governance strategies for adjustment and optimization could be applied;accordingly, the construction and improved development types were mainly distributed around the urbanization development types in the southeast and surrounding areas of Miyun reservoir, with the orientation as construction, improvement and development. In addition, one could find that the villages of reduced development type were available in the northeast and northwest of Miyun District, and it was recommended that reduction development strategy could be implemented. Through research, the author provided the technical basis for the efficient and orderly utilization of village lands. Undoubtedly, village governance aims not only to achieve "reduction", but also "increase" in some areas, as the healthy development of a village depended on both increase and decrease. In a word, village governance is so complicated that it involves in many aspects and multiple departments. In this paper, the author divided village lands based on village development and village land suitability. The research results were of reference value to provide methods on regional village development planning and reduction of construction lands. However, to be frank, the specific governance measures should also take macro development policies and public preferences into account.