油麦混编景观种子带编织机研制

为实现油菜、小麦等大田作物景观化种植,该研究基于已有种子带编织机工作原理,设计了一种油麦混编景观种子带编织机,可实现按照预设景观图案自动进行2种作物种子在纸带中的规律化播种。对气吸式排种器等关键部件进行设计,通过试验进行结构和作业参数优化并对编织效果进行评估。试验结果表明,油菜在气流负压2500Pa、吸孔直径1.2 mm和电机转速3 r/min的条件下,小麦在气流负压2 500 Pa、吸孔长径为3.9 mm和短径为1.9 mm、电机转速3 r/min的条件下,排种性能达到最优,播种合格率分别为94.1%和92.2%,重播率分别为1.8%和3.1%,漏播率分别为4.1%和4.7%。机器走纸精度稳定,种子排布均匀性较好,株距变异系数小于6%;当设定作物株距与行距为5cm,总编织点数目在100～900范围内逐渐增加时,图案相对位置变异系数和编织面积变异系数整体上均随图案尺寸增大而减小,图案编织精度逐渐提高,最终稳定在17%左右。田间试验结果表明,苗期图案的相对位置变异系数为18.26%,编织面积变异系数为10.87%,基本呈现出预期的图案视觉效果,研究结果可为大田作物景观化种植的机械化作业提供参考。

Development of landscape seed tape mixed weaving machine for rape and wheat

Landscape patterns have been integrated into the crop planting process, thereby developing the potential ornamental value of field crops, such as rape and wheat. A seed tape-weaving machine can be used to knit the seeds of crops into a specific paper tape for mechanized or ornamental planting. In this machine, the seeds are sucked into the paper tape at a constant speed via a vacuum pump, where the paper tape is bound together with biodegradable cotton thread. In this study, an improved weaving machine of seed tape was designed to mix the rape-wheat seeds for a landscape. The pattern automatically realized the regular arrangement of rape and wheat seeds in the seed tape. The key components were also designed for the typical weaving process of mixed seeds, including the air-suction seed-metering device and seed guiding tubes. Taking the commercialized rape seeds of Zhongshuang No.9 and wheat seeds of Zhengmai No.9023 as the test objects, four types of experiments were conducted: the seed metering performance test, the paper feeding accuracy test, the pattern weaving performance test, and the field test. The structural and operating parameters were also optimized for the better weaving effect in the improved weaving machine of seed tape. In the seed metering performance, the results showed that the main influencing factors were the negative air pressure, followed by the diameter of suction holes, and the motor speed in the air-suction type seed metering device. In rape seeds, the air-suction type seed metering device worked on the condition with the negative air pressure of 2 500 Pa, the suction hole with a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the motor speed of 3 r/min. In wheat seeds, the better seeding performance was achieved, where the airflow negative pressure of 2 500 Pa, the suction hole with the length of 3.9 mm×1.9 mm, and the motor speed of 3 r/min. Specifically, the seeding qualification rate was 94.1% and 92.2%, the multiple rates were 1.8% and 3.1%, and the miss seeding rates were 4.1% and 4.7%, for the rape and wheat seeds, respectively, indicating that both seed metering devices achieved the best seeding performance. The weaving performance test showed that: i) There were good uniformity and even quality of paper feeding, where the variation coefficient of plant spacing was less than 6%; ii) When the total number of weaving points gradually increased in the range of 100 to 900, the variation coefficient of relative position in the pattern decreased first, then stabilized, and finally stabilized at about 17%; iii) The variation coefficient of weaving area first decreased and then stabilized, and finally stabilized at about 8%; iv) The accuracy of pattern weaving gradually increased, and then stabilized. The field test was performed on a 30×30 size pattern of five points star in a square. The results showed that the variation coefficient of relative position in the pattern was 18.26%, and the variation coefficient of weaving area was 10.87%. A better visual effect was achieved in the formed pattern. The improved weaving machine can be expected to improve the work efficiency, while reducing labor intensity and error probability, for the mechanized planting of field crops in landscape patterns. The findings can provide a new idea and solution for the modeling and implementation of landscape patterns with field crops, like rape and wheat, further to promote the development of rural tourism in China.