黑龙江垦区农户散居住宅格局影响机制

为阐明黑龙江垦区田间散居住宅格局的影响机制,该文以黑龙江农垦建三江管理局所辖八五九农场为研究区,以田间散居住宅为研究对象,基于2015年抚远市与饶河县土地利用变更调查矢量数据与高分辨率遥感影像,综合运用空间分析、耦合度模型、多元统计分析,探讨散居住宅格局影响机制。研究结果表明:研究区散居住宅数量繁多,并呈现出中部密集东西稀疏的空间分异特征,居住用地方式粗放;研究区田间散居住宅—农业种植活动系统耦合度的均值、最大值、中位数依次为:0.52、1.00、0.60,耦合程度较高,同时系统耦合度与田间散居住宅核密度表现出空间一致性,农业种植活动系统为田间散居住宅格局的影响因子;耕地结构与耕作半径、耕地面积与田块破碎度,分别为研究区田间散居住宅格局的直接与间接影响因子,耕地结构与耕作半径之间的不适宜导致研究区呈现出中部集聚东西分散的区异特征。研究结果可为黑龙江垦区农村居民点的空间布局优化提供理论依据。

Influence mechanism of farmers' diaspora housing pattern in Heilongjiang reclamation areas

Abstract: As a kind of rural residential regions, scattered residential regions in the fields are the inevitable outcome of large-scale habitat-based regions that cannot meet the needs of agricultural planting activities. The rapid development of scattered residential regions in the fields would reduce the effective cultivated land region and cause waste of land resources. Therefore, in order to clarify the influence mechanism of scattered residence pattern in Heilongjiang reclamation region, taking 859 Farm under the jurisdiction of Jiansanjiang Administration Bureau of Heilongjiang reclamation area as the research region, this paper used spatial analysis, coupling degree model, multivariate statistical analysis to explore the influence mechanism of scattered residence pattern. The results show that: 1) 859 Farm has both large-scale habitat-based regions and scattered residential regions in the fields. The number of habitat-based regions is relatively small and the land use mode is relatively intensive. However, some farmers still own scattered residential regions in the fields while owning large-scale habitat-based regions, and the number is relatively large, about 15 times that of large-scale habitat-based regions. It also shows the spatial differentiation characteristics of dense central region and sparse east and west, resulting in extensive residential land use in the study region, reducing the effective cultivated land region and intensifying the contradiction between supply and demand of farm land resources. 2) The average value, the maximum value and the median value of the coupling degree between scattered residential regions in the fields and agricultural planting activities in the study region are 0.52, 1.00 and 0.60, respectively. The coupling degree between the systems is relatively high. Moreover, the spatial differentiation characteristics of coupling degree between scattered residential regions in the fields and agricultural planting activity system and the distribution state of kernel density show spatial consistency. Agricultural planting activities are related to scattered residential regions in the fields to a certain extent, so cultivated land structure, cultivated land region, field fragmentation, tillage radius and deviation distance are the influencing factors of scattered residential regions in the fields in the study region. 3) The main factors influencing the pattern of scattered residential regions in the study area are the attributes of cultivated land (tillage radius, cultivated land region, fragmentation degree of cultivated land) and the status of cultivated land use (cultivated land structure), while the influence of deviation distance is slightly small and is not the main factor. Cultivated land structure and tillage radius are the direct factors, while cultivated land region and field fragmentation are the indirect influencing factors. The mismatch between cultivated land structure and tillage radius makes the study region show the regional characteristics of gathering in the middle and dispersing in the east and west.