宁夏引黄灌区春小麦微咸水灌溉管理的模拟

为探讨宁夏引黄灌区春小麦适宜的微咸水灌溉管理模式，该文根据2007年田间试验的实测资料，应用SWAP模型在田间尺度上对微咸水灌溉条件下春小麦田间土壤水盐运移规律和灌溉制度进行模拟，对拟定的各种灌溉方案进行评价分析。结果表明，率定与验证的SWAP模型可用于当地微咸水灌溉管理，在当地微咸水与引黄水为1︰1的混灌条件下，试验年份春小麦优化灌溉方案为全生育期灌4水（分蘖水、拔节水、抽穗水和灌浆水），灌溉定额为2 400 m3/hm2；在75%和50%降雨年型下，春小麦优化灌溉方案为全生育期灌4水（分蘖水、拔节水、抽穗水和灌浆水），灌溉定额分别为3 000 m3/hm2和2 300 m3/hm2；在25%降雨年型下，春小麦优化灌溉方案为全生育期灌2水（拔节水和抽穗水），灌溉定额为2 000 m3/hm2。该研究所提出的优化灌溉模式对于引黄灌区微咸水高效灌溉利用具有一定的指导意义。

Saline water irrigation management for spring wheat in theYellow River Irrigation District of Ningxia

In order to investigate the best irrigation management mode with saline water for spring wheat in the Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia, the SWAP model was calibrated and validated with the experimental data carried out in 2007, then the model was applied to evaluate the saline water irrigation scheduling for the experimental year and different hydrological years. Calibration and validation results indicated that the simulated soil water content, salt concentration and crop growth indices were in good consistent with the measured data. Results implied that the model had been well calibrated and validated, and the model could be used as a management tool to evaluate the effects of various irrigation management practices on water and solute dynamics and crop yield. The simulated results indicated that the optimal irrigation management practice of spring wheat was to irrigate the field with four times of mixed irrigation (1:1 saline and fresh water) at total amount of 2 400 m3/hm2 for the experimental year. The optimal irrigation practices of spring wheat for the hydrologic years of 75% and 50% were four times of mixed irrigation each for pre-sowing, jointing, heading and filling stages with total irrigation amount of 3 000 m3/hm2 and 2 300 m3/hm2, respectively. And for the hydrologic year of 25%, application of two times of mixed irrigation each for jointing and heading stages with total amount of 2 000 m3/hm2 was the optimal saline water irrigation practice of spring wheat. The optimal irrigation mode has guiding significance to effective irrigation of saline water in Yellow River Irrigation District.