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油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装置设计及充种性能试验
引用本文:雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,张闻宇,李姗姗,廖庆喜.油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装置设计及充种性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):26-34.
作者姓名:雷小龙  廖宜涛  李兆东  张闻宇  李姗姗  廖庆喜
作者单位:1. 华中农业大学工学院,武汉,430070;2. 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070; 南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙 410128
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51575218、51275197、51405180);国家油菜产业体系专项资助项目(CARS-13);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503118-06)。
摘    要:针对小麦种子在气送式集排器供种装置中因流动性差导致充种能力不足的问题,设计了一种可提高小麦充种性能的搅种装置。该文分析了搅种装置影响充种性能的主要因素,确定了搅种齿与搅种轴的主要结构参数,并构建了种子在搅种装置作用下的充种力学模型。应用EDEM仿真分析了搅种装置安装位置对种群压力、种群与供种机构切向力和型孔充种数量及其变异系数的影响;台架试验研究了搅种齿结构及其排布对充种性能和搅种装置与供种机构转速比对供种性能的影响。结果表明:安装搅种装置能明显增加种群压力、切向力、型孔充种数量、充填角和充种合格率。搅种齿长度显著或极显著影响充填角和型孔充种数,搅种齿排列方式显著影响型孔充种数。研究得出影响充填角和型孔充种数的主次因素为:搅种齿长度>排列方式>搅种齿形状。在搅种齿形状为圆柱形,搅种齿长度为6 mm和双螺旋排列方式条件下,充填角、型孔充种数和充种不合格率分别为78.20°、1.73和0.69%。供种速率随锥孔轮数量、转速比和转速增加而增加,在转速为20~40 r/min条件下,选择锥孔轮数量为6和转速比为1.154优化组合时,供种速率及其变异系数分别为690~1340 g/min和0.23~0.80%。该研究为搅种装置结构改进和供种装置充种性能的提高提供了参考。

关 键 词:农业机械  种子  试验  供种装置  搅种装置  充种性能  供种性能  小麦
收稿时间:2016/1/30 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/4/19 0:00:00

Design of seed churning device in air-assisted centralized metering device for rapeseed and wheat and experiment on seed filling performance
Lei Xiaolong,Liao Yitao,Li Zhaodong,Zhang Wenyu,Li Shanshan and Liao Qingxi.Design of seed churning device in air-assisted centralized metering device for rapeseed and wheat and experiment on seed filling performance[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):26-34.
Authors:Lei Xiaolong  Liao Yitao  Li Zhaodong  Zhang Wenyu  Li Shanshan and Liao Qingxi
Institution:1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Oil Crops in South China, Changsha 410128, China,1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China and 1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Oil Crops in South China, Changsha 410128, China
Abstract:Abstract: Seed filling performance plays an important role in seed feeding quantity and uniformity in air-assisted centralized metering system. Wheat seed''s filling performance in seed feeding device is not good due to its poor mobility and large repose angle. In order to improve wheat seeds'' filling performance, seed churning device as a part of seed feeding device was designed. The major components of seed churning device which was installed in seed filling room included churning tooth and shaft. It transported seeds to seed filling zone and increased seeds'' compressive force. The main factors affecting seed filling performance included the seed churning tooth''s shape, length and its arrangement, the diameter of churning shaft, and the ratio of rotational speed between seed churning device and feeding mechanism. Seed churning tooth''s shape included cylinder and cuboid and its arrangement consisted of double helix, line arrangement and cross arrangement. Mechanical models were established to estimate the seed filling process under the effect of seed churning device. It demonstrated that seed filling performance was correlated with lateral force of seeds related to seed churning device''s force. In EDEM(engineering discrete element method)simulation, the effects of installation location of churning device on seeds'' compressive force, tangential force, number of seeds in shaping hole and its coefficient variation were studied. The seed filling performance of churning device was investigated in bench test. Two shapes and three arrangements of seed churning tooth were evaluated for filling angle, which was measured by high speed camera using pco.dimax HD system, number of seeds in each shaping hole and seed filling failure rate at 3 lengths of churning tooth (4, 6, and 8 mm). The effects of number of conical-hole wheels, rotational speed ratio between seed churning device and feeding mechanism, and rotational speed were evaluated by examining the mean seed feeding rate, coefficient of variation of seed feeding rate and seed damage rate using three-factor full factorial test. Results showed that: 1) Seed feeding device with churning device gave superior filling performance at all treatments by increasing seeds'' compressive force, tangential force, number of seeds in shaping hole, filling angle and seed filling rate. Higher compressive force, tangential force and number of seeds in each shaping hole were observed at larger lateral distance and lower longitudinal distance. The seed feeding device with a location of churning device (-65, 5) produced superior results with 1.92 seeds in each shaping hole and a coefficient of variation of 4.05. 2) Seed churning tooth''s length affected filling angle and number of seeds in each shaping hole significantly and number of seeds in each shaping hole was different significantly among different arrangements of churning tooth. The ranking order of the factors affecting filling angle and number of seeds in each shaping hole was: churning tooth''s length > arrangements of churning tooth > churning tooth''s shape. The seed feeding device with a churning tooth''s shape of cylinder, a churning tooth''s length of 6 mm, and an arrangements of churning tooth of double helix produced superior results with a filling angle of 78.20°, and a number of seeds in each shaping hole of 1.73 and its coefficient of variation of 0.69%. 3) Seed feeding rate increased with the increasing of number of conical-hole wheels, rotational speed ratio between seed churning device and feeding mechanism, and rotational speed. Optimization of the regression equations incorporating number of conical-hole wheels and rotation ratio through multi-objective programming revealed that the rotational speed ratio between seed churning device and feeding mechanism was 1.154 and the number of conical-hole wheels was 6. Based on the optimized operational parameters, seed feeding rate and its coefficient of variation were 690-1340 g/min and 0.23%-0.80% with rotational speed of 20-40 r/min, respectively. Results suggest that seed churning device can improve seed filling and feeding performance. Through the investigation of seed churning device involved in this research, it may contribute to optimizing the structure of seed feeding device and improving the filling performance.
Keywords:agricultural machinery  seed  experiments  seed feed device  seed churning device  seed filling performance  seed feed performance  wheat
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