鲜杏单体排序间隔输送装置的设计与试验

针对中国杏重要产区的新疆鲜杏加工技术落后、因不能及时加工而造成大量损失、成为杏产业发展瓶颈的实际问题,结合新疆杏加工主导产品的杏干加工过程中鲜杏切瓣、去核关键环节,依据农机农艺结合的观点和综合研究方法,在典型品种鲜杏的物理机械特性研究基础上,提出了杏单体间隔排序输送原理,研制出鲜杏自动定向切分去核机配套的单体排序输送装置;该装置采用移动并自转的鞍形辊作为单体有序输送机构、多角凸轮式摆动布料器实现鲜杏单层喂入机构和星形卸果轮式单体卸果机构等,从机械的原理上实现了鲜杏单个排序输送并单个有序卸料的功能;以黄赛买提杏和红赛买提杏为试验材料,以杏单果率和空穴率为试验指标,鞍形辊自转转速、布料板摆动频率和输送速度为试验因素,对样机性能进行正交试验和参数优化,结果表明,鲜杏单果排序率达到91.4%,空穴率1.4%,鲜杏单体排序输送工作效率1 200 kg/h。研究结果对进一步深入研发鲜杏单体排序输送装置,实现鲜杏自动定向切分去核机械化作业提供了参考。

Design and test on transmitting device for fresh apricot with single fruit rank in certain interval

Abstract: Apricot is a kind of very important fruit in China. Xinjiang is the largest apricot producer with a planting area of 1.324×105 hm2 and an annual production of 1.280×106 t. However, the fresh apricot is very liable to become putrid if it is not eaten and processed in time during the storing and transporting. Traditionally in China, fresh apricots can be processed into various apricot products with special flavor, such as dried apricot slices. Unfortunately, the amount of all the apricots processed accounts only for less than 11% of total amount of fresh apricots, and the processing almost relies on manual operation. Limited mechanization of apricot production especially for harvesting and processing has become a key factor in impeding the development of apricot industry in Xinjiang. During the processes of processing from fresh apricots into dried apricot slices, 2 devices and corresponding procedures are needed. The first procedure is that every apricot must be ranked automatically one by one with an interval, in order that the next device is able to automatically orientate and accurately cut apricot into 2 slices. Based on the combination theory of agricultural machinery and agronomy as well as the related basic study on the physical and mechanical properties of apricot during transporting and segueing, this research was conducted to determine the optimal structure and design parameters of the interval deliverer for fresh apricots, and to develop the fresh apricot conveying device with single apricot ranking in interval. This device included: a series of saddle rollers that rotate by their own axis as they move forward; the distributing mechanism i.e. the polygon cams make the apricots fed peacefully and ensure apricots into the next procedure one by one. All the process of sequencing feeding and transporting of fresh apricots was achieved through the performance combination of the chains consisting of saddle rollers with the distributing mechanism key parts. The performance test of the device developed was accomplished at Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the apricots used as experimental materials were yellow Cemaati and red Cemaati apricots with middle maturity from Yingjisha County of southern Xinjiang, which were checked by labor before the test. The sequencing rate of single fruit and cavity rate were as the test indices. The test result showed that the sequencing rate of single apricot was 91.4%, the cavity rate was 1.4% and the feeding efficiency was 1 200 kg/h. The research results will provide important basis for further research and development of the ranking feeding device for late mechanical orientation and cutting procedure automatically.