基于用地竞争力的闽南地区乡村景观功能冲突的识别

快速的城镇化和工业化导致乡村景观多样性和本土性缺失,功能冲突问题日益严重。该文首先构建乡村景观功能竞争力强度评价系统,其次建立基于识别矩阵的闽南地区乡村景观功能冲突识别方法体系;最后探讨该识别方法在厦门市灌口镇的实际应用。结果表明:1)该方法符合乡村景观功能冲突的本质内涵,可识别出各类型乡村景观功能冲突区;2)灌口镇存在9种乡村景观功能冲突类型,生产功能优势区占全镇总面积的3.89%,位于城镇外围;生活功能优势区不明显,生态功能优势区占全镇总面积的22.46%,位于城镇外部西北部山区;在分析9种乡村景观冲突类型区域特征的基础上,提出其对应的优化策略;3)在优化乡村景观空间格局时,生产功能优势区、生产与生活功能冲突激烈区和3类功能激烈冲突区内的优质耕地应优先发展生态农业,引导农业生产向现代生态旅游方向发展。研究结果可为有效破解乡村景观功能冲突,进行乡村景观规划提供理论支持和方法指导。

Identification of rural landscape functional conflicts based on land use competitiveness in southern Fujian

Abstract: Urbanization and industrialization have led to the loss of rural landscape diversity and nativeness. The functional conflict in rural landscape becomes serious. This paper defined the rural landscape functional types. With the landscape functional types, we constructed the evaluation system of rural landscape functional competence, established the recognition system of rural landscape function conflict based on recognition matrix, and discussed the practical application of this method. The results showed that the method was consistent with the essential connotation of the rural landscape function conflict, and identified and predicted the types of rural landscape function conflicts. The production function competitiveness of rural landscape was high in the central area, however, was low around the central area in Guankou Town, Xiamen City. The distribution of production function competitiveness of rural landscape was consistent with the economic development level and transportation network of the whole town. The spatial distribution of life function competitiveness of rural landscape was consistent with that of production function. The areas with strong ecological function competitiveness were concentrated in the northern area with high vegetation coverage. There was a large area of ecological land patch in the northern part of the town. The central part of the town was dominated by the small patches with high appropriation, which indicated the urgent need for ecological improvement. There were 9 classes of rural landscape functional conflicts in Guankou Town. The production function advantage area occupied 3.89% of the total area of the town, which was located in the periphery of the town. The life function advantage area did not exist. The ecological function advantage area occupied 22.46% of the total area of the town, which was located in the mountainous area. It indicated the expansion of ecological function land, the gradual decrease of living space and the remarkable improvement of rural ecological environment. Based on the analysis of the regional characteristics of 9 types of rural landscape conflicts, the corresponding optimization strategies were put forward. High-quality cultivated land should give priority to the development of ecological agriculture in production function advantage area, the areas with fierce conflict between production and life function, and the areas with fierce conflict of 3 landscape function types. The government should guide the agricultural production to the modern ecotourism direction through the ecological subsidy policy. Rural landscape multi-functional suitability and conversion driving force were the sources of the conflict of rural landscape functions in southern Fujian. The functional land competitiveness evaluation model was developed for identifying the region of rural landscape function conflict and providing effective reference for preventing and resolving the rural landscape function conflict in southern Fujian. The results of the model can provide theoretic supports and methodological directions for carrying on rural landscape planning and rural land remediation.