阿基米德螺线型破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置的设计与试验

针对东北保护性耕作区玉米垄作农业技术对研发免耕播种机的要求,该文以阿基米德螺线为基础,分析了缺口圆盘刀破茬性能和理想种床对破茬刀的技术要求,进行了阿基米德螺线型缺口圆盘破茬刀的结构优化以及最优参数的优选,研制了破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置。田间试验表明,破茬开沟装置能开出"V"形沟,2片螺线型缺口圆盘刀直径为350 mm、入土深度为40 mm时,播种开沟宽度为28 mm;切拨防堵装置单片圆盘破茬装置质量为113 kg、破茬深度为70~100 mm时,开沟宽度为40~50 mm,清垄部件清垄宽度为210 mm,均达到了农业技术要求。同时,确定提高破茬率切拨防堵装置的最佳工作参数:机器前进速度为2.22 m/s,配质量为113 kg,破茬圆盘刀入土深度为7.50 cm;得出各因素对破茬率影响的主次顺序为机器配质量机器前进速度入土深度。该研究为高留茬模式和高留茬碎杆覆盖模式的保护性耕作地区的免耕播种作业提供了参考。

Design and experiment of archimedes spiral type stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti blocking device

Abstract: Today, ridge tillage method is an effective farming method that can resist the drought and flood in the northeast area of China. Because of the climate and natural conditions, most of the northeast area of China will continue to adopt ridge tillage method. In the case of ridge planting, no-till can improve the ground temperature, and can control the summer flood and drainage. In recent years the strip rotary tillage type no tillage planter has been extended. Because of the rotary tillage, the root stubble is broken and the anti-blocking performance is good. However, the soil tillage intensity is between 6.5 and 7.8, and the tillage destroys the original ridge, and forms the new ditch. At present, the number of no tillage finger clip type precision seeding and fertilizing machine applied in the production, is about 3000 in the northeast area of China, and the soil tillage intensity index is 1, which reduces the soil tillage intensity and produces no new ditch; but the two-row machine has the complete machine weight of 1000 kg, which brings too large compaction on soil, and makes ridge stand almost flat, therefore, wheel rut compaction seriously affects maize root growth. This machine not only loses the advantage of ridge planting, increases soil hardness, but also enhances manufacturing cost, and makes the price per machine high. The cost of the field operation is greatly improved, which does not accord with the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction in agricultural production. For no tillage planter, the current problem is the existence of the problem remains a ridge shape. Aiming at the requirement of researching and developing new no tillage planter for the conservation tillage corn ridge agricultural technology in the northeast area in China, based on the Archimedes spiral theory, this paper analyzes the notched disc knife break crop performance and the technical requirements to stubble breaking cutter for ideal seed bed, optimizes the spiral notched disk break stubble cutter structure and carries out the optimal selection of parameter; and develops the stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti-blocking device. Through test verification of stubble breaking ditching device, it opens a "V"-shape groove, and 2 pieces of spiral-notch disc cutters have a diameter of 350 mm, when sowing depth is 40 mm, sowing and ditching width is 28 mm. Increasing the weight makes the stubble breaking ditching device achieve a weight of 100 kg, and in the area implementing high stubble conservation tillage mode and with a field coverage rate of 30%, stubble breaking ditching device can be adopted instead of the conventional planter seeding furrow opener, and ordinary seeder can realize no tillage planting. When stubble breaking anti-blocking device's breaking stubble depth is between 70 and 100 mm, ditching width is 40-50 mm, and ridge cleaning width of ridge cleaning parts is 210 mm, which are up to the requirement of agricultural technology. Increasing the weight makes the monolithic disc broken stubble device achieve a weight of 113 kg in the area implementing conservation tillage of high stubble breaking rod cover mode and with covering rate of 1 kg/m2, stubble breaking anti-blocking device can be adopted, and ordinary seeder can realize no tillage planting. In this paper, the development of the rolling disc coulter and its edge is Archimedes spiral gap, after test for many times, stubble cutting resistance is small, the weight of machines can be reduced, because it is a passive anti-blocking device, keeping the shape of ridge.