塔克拉玛干沙漠主要灌木光合器官滞尘能力与表面特性的关系

通过全株光合器官取样,利用质量差减法,对位于新疆且末县沙漠地区的塔中植物园内10种灌木的滞尘能力进行了比较,结果表明:1)以单位鲜质量光合器官滞尘量为评价指标,10种灌木光合器官滞尘能力的排序为:紫杆柽柳>多花柽柳>刚毛柽柳、多枝柽柳、长穗柽柳>甘蒙柽柳、华北柽柳>沙生柽柳>梭梭>头状沙拐枣。2)10种灌木光合器官的滞尘能力与其表面特性密切相关。与沙拐枣相比,梭梭同化枝节间距较短,叶片数量相对较多,因而梭梭的滞尘能力大于沙拐枣;柽柳属植物虽然叶片也极度退化,但具有数量众多、分布密集、被覆绒毛、分泌盐分等特性,具有很强的滞尘能力,光合器官滞尘能力大于梭梭和沙拐枣;光合器官表面特性也使8种柽柳属植物光合器官滞尘能力存在差异。研究结果在荒漠地区植物-土壤相互关系研究方面具有重要科学意义,也可为园林绿化和防护林树种选择、配置提供科学依据。

Relationship between dust-retaining capabilities of photosynthetic organs and their surface properties of main shrubs species in Central Taklimakan Desert

Photosynthetic organs stained with dusts on the whole plant of ten kinds of shrubs planted in Tazhong Botanical Garden, near the Tazhong Si Oilfield, in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, were sampled. Their dust-retaining capabilities of photosynthetic organs were analyzed by mass subtraction method. The results showed that the order of photosynthetic organ dust-retaining capability of ten species of shrub evaluated by means of monomial index of dust-retaining capacity in per unit fresh mass photosynthetic organs was Tamarix androssowii Tamarix hohenakeri, Tamarix hispida, Tamarix ramosissma, Tamarix elongata, Tamarix austromongolica, Tamarix juniperina, Tamarix taklamakanensis, Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum caput-medusae. Dust-retaining capabilities of photosynthetic organs of 10 species of shrub were closely related to their surface properties. Compared with Calligonum caput-medusae, Haloxylon ammodendro with assimilating branches, which has more shorter knot spacing and more leaves, exhibited higher dust-retaining capability of photosynthetic organs and Calligonum caput-medusae. Though leaves of Tamarix plants were also extremely degraded, they had excellent dust-retaining capability because of their photosynthetic organs, such as a mass of leaves, greater photosynthetic organs density, abundant tomenta, salt-secreting gland. Thus, their dust-retaining capabilities of photosynthetic organs were higher than that of Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae. Due to their surface properties, the dust-retaining capabilities of these Tamarix plants mentioned in this paper was different. The results provide a reference for tree species selection and allocation in landscaping and shelterbelt constructions, and research on correlation between plants and soils in arid regions.