农村小城镇生活和工业综合污水的达标处理工艺技术研究

针对中国乡镇企业的不断发展和城市化进程所造成的农村水生态环境污染日益严重的现状,该文作者采用动态模拟试验方法探索了农村小城镇生活和工业综合污水处理的工艺和方法。结果表明采用A/O生物处理单元和混凝沉淀处理单元相结合的污水处理工艺流程是比较适宜的，HRT 3 h和10 h分别是比较适宜的兼氧反应器和好氧反应器的水力停留时间(HRT)，后续的混凝沉淀处理单元(HRT 2 h)是该类废水处理并使各项指标均达到国家排放标准的必须的保障措施。兼氧反应器(A段/anoxic)HRT 3 h、好氧反应器(O段/oxic)HRT 10 h和混凝沉淀(HRT 2 h)的组合工艺参数，可以使制药化工、印染和生活综合废水处理后出水中的主要污染物浓度分别为COD 35.8～50.5 mg/L，COD去除率可达到89.6%～92.5%,平均在90.4%；NH₃-N在1.13～10.8 mg/L，平均去除率78.2%，稳定运行后期的NH₃-N转化率甚至能够达到90%以上；SS 10.1～15.6 mg/L，SS的去除率92.2%～97.0%；色度只有0～5倍，色度去除率达到95.0%～100%；各项指标均可稳定达到污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准要求。

Process and technology for treating domestic and industrial composite wastewater in small town for meeting the discharging standard

With the development of township enterprise and rural urbanization,water pollution of small town is getting more and more serious.In the investigation,the dynamic simulation test was employed to study the(process) and method of treating the composite wastewater containing domestic sewage and chemical industry(discharge) of small town.The results showed that the combined process including anoxic/oxic cell and flocculation sedimentation cell was suitable for the wastewater.The suitable hydraulic retention time(HRT) for anoxic(reactor) and aerobic reactor was 3 hours and 10 hours,respectively.The next flocculation sedimentation(HRT,(2 h)) was necessary guarantee for each item in wastewater satisfying the national discharging standards.The operational parameters of 3 hours anoxic and 10 hours aerobic and 2 hours flocculation sedimentation in combined process could make pollutants including Chemistry Oxygen Demand(COD),Ammonia Nitrogen(NH_3-N), Suspended Solid(SS) and Chroma,etc.in effluent steadily reach the No.1 rank discharging standard of the comprehensive sewage discharge standard(GB8978-1996) in the composite wastewater containing pharmacy industrial discharging,dyeing and printing discharging and domestic sewage.And in effluent,COD was about 35.8~50.5 mg/L and the removal rate was up to 89.6%~92.5% and the mean value was 90.4%.NH_3-N in effluent was about(1.13)~10.8 mg/L and the mean removal rate was 77.4%,even if the removal rate was up to 90% in the steady running.The SS in effluent was 10.1~15.6 mg/L and the removal rate was between 92.0% and 97.0%.And the dilution rate of chroma in effluent was only 0~5 and the removal rate was up to 95.0%~100%.