基于模糊整数规划的水质浮标光伏/蓄电池动力源配置优化

孤岛型可再生能源供电,是解决水质监测用浮标动力来源的有效途径之一。根据水质浮标系统的特点,综合系统的经济性与环境条件,协同浮标本体成本及浮力、容积、天气因素等约束条件,构建了水质浮标动力源用光伏/蓄电池优化模型。针对制造过程中约束条件与预期值可能出现偏差这一实际问题,提出采用模糊整数规划算法进行求解,实现优化配置光伏/蓄电池动力源的目的。最后,提出对最大连续阴雨天数进行灵敏度分析,考察天气因素对所设计系统稳定性的影响。算例结果表明所提优化配置方法的有效性与可靠性,该方法不仅能够给出综合最优的动力源配置方案,还有利于结合安置地的环境条件,尽量避免主观设定关键参数,辅助水质监测用设备的高效研究与应用。

Collaborative optimization of photovoltaic/battery power source for water quality buoy based on fuzzy integer programming

Abstract: Renewable stand-alone energy power generation system is one of the effective ways which solve the problem of electric power supply for water quality monitoring buoy. Due to its unique application background and operating characteristics, there are still some problems to be considered and solved in the current design. In our work, the first step was to build a construction cost optimization model for PV-battery energy power with the constraints of the cost and dimension parameters and operating environments. That was, the model comprehensively and synergistically constructed an economical and reliable independent power supply model for water monitoring buoy under 5 conditions of buoy ontology cost, buoyancy, volume and weather etc. Furthermore, it was also vital to find the solutions of this model for getting the optimal design parameters of the renewable stand-alone energy power source for the water monitoring buoy. Firstly, the maximum continuous rainy days in the operating location was set by an RBF (radial basis function) neural network method. The 3 inputs were light intensity, temperature and relative humidity, and its output was daily generating capacity of photovoltaic power. When the daily generating capacity was less than zero, it was the rainy day without electricity output. And so the maximum continuous rainy days of poor photovoltaic power generation were effectively set by the historical meteorological data of the buoy operation place. Then, for the possible size deviations between the expected and the practical values, a fuzzy integer programming algorithm was proposed. The advocated solution fused the characteristics of Werners algorithm and cutting-plane method. It transformed the objective function and fuzzy constraints into the general constraints, and the Werners symmetric model was obtained. The cutting-plane method was used to get the integer solution of the model, which would optimize the design parameter configuration of PV-battery power source with the fluctuation tolerance. Later, the sensitivity analysis of the maximum consecutive rainy days was carried out to investigate the fluctuating effect of weather factor on the system stability. Finally, the simulation examples indicated that the maximum continuous rainy days could be reduced by 5 d, which meant to reduce 33.3% margin requirements of the storage battery. By the proposed fuzzy integer programming method, the parameters of electric power supply for the water quality monitoring buoy were obtained with the minimum construction cost and maximum fuzzy membership degree. It was helpful to overcome the fluctuation of the size of the buoy body in practice, which would improve the feasibility and effectiveness of the theoretical method applied. Sensitivity analysis showed that when the maximum continuous rainy days extended occasionally to 1 d, the power source still could support the running of water quality monitoring buoy. This research provides a feasible solution to the problems of the renewable stand-alone energy power generation system of water quality monitoring buoy. The simulated results have demonstrated the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed configuration optimization method. The method can not only give the comprehensive optimal scheme for the power source of the water quality monitoring buoy, but also combine local conditions to avoid subjective setting of key parameters. This research has focused on making high efficient research and application of the renewable stand-alone power supply for water quality monitoring equipment, and the presented results can also provide the reference for other similar equipments and facilities.