梳齿起膜气力脱膜式耕层残膜回收机研制

为了解决耕层残膜污染问题，该研究设计了一种梳齿起膜气力脱膜式耕层残膜回收机。该机主要由机架、梳齿、梳齿辊、重力沉降室、离心风机组成。梳齿辊是该回收机的核心机构，其辊筒上布置有多排梳齿，通过梳齿辊的旋转实现松土和残膜-土壤分离；利用EDEM离散元软件建立梳齿辊模型，仿真研究了梳齿排列方式和梳齿结构对梳齿辊入土过程中前进阻力和阻力矩的影响，确定了齿刀螺旋排列方式。吸膜机构的作用是实现残膜的连续回收及膜土分离。建立了残膜在吸膜区的运动学方程，通过对方程分析求解，探明了梳齿辊转速和吸膜口风速对残膜运动轨迹的影响，确定梳齿辊转速应小于120 r/min，吸膜口风速应大于15 m/s。为了获得回收机的最佳作业参数组合，进行了土槽响应曲面优化试验，得出最佳参数组合：吸膜口与竖直面之间的角度为-7°、机具前进速度为2 km/h、梳齿辊转速为100 r/min、吸膜口风速为22 m/s。田间试验结果表明：最佳参数组合作业时，残膜拾净率为55.04%，比预测值小1.63%，优化方法可靠。

Development of a comb tooth loosening and pneumatic stripping plough layer residual film recovery machine

Abstract: The film left in farmland brings "white pollution" to soil. At present, there are two main methods for the recovery of residual film in plough layer: one is the method of soil extraction and screening. Firstly, the soil is transported to the vibrating screen by the soil lifting mechanism, and then the soil and residual film are separated under the action of the vibrating screen. The other is the comb type residual film recovery method. Under the continuous rotation of the comb teeth, the comb teeth are inserted into the topsoil to loosen the soil, and the residual film is continuously removed from the soi In order to solve residual film pollution of plough layer soil, a comb tooth loosening and pneumatic stripping type residual film in plough layer recovery machine was designed. The machine was mainly composed of frame, comb tooth, comb roller, gravity sedimentation chamber, centrifugal fan and so on. Comb tooth roller was composed of multiple rows of comb tooth installed on the roller. The function of comb roller was to loosen soil and separate residual film and soil through continuous rotation. EDEM software was used to establish virtual operating system of comb roller, and study the effects of comb tooth arrangement and comb tooth structure on forward resistance and resistance moment. According to the simulation results, the spiral arrangement of comb tooth was determined. The kinematics equation of residual film in film suction region was established. By solving equation, the influence of the rotation speed of the comb roller and the air speed at the film suction port on the motion track of the residual film were analyzed. It was determined that the rotation speed of comb roller should be less than 120 r/min, and air speed in film suction port should be greater than 15 m/s. In order to obtain the best combination of operating parameters, a response surface test was performed on soil tank. The optimal parameter combination was obtained: angle of film suction port was -7°, the forward speed was 2 km/h, the rotation speed of comb roller was 100 r/min, and the air speed in film suction port was 22 m/s. The field test results showed that when working with the best combination of parameters, the residual film pick up rate was 55.04%, which was 1.63% lower than the predicted value, the optimization method was reliable.