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沃特和PAM保水剂对土壤水分及马铃薯生长的影响研究
引用本文:杜社妮,白岗栓,赵世伟,侯喜录.沃特和PAM保水剂对土壤水分及马铃薯生长的影响研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(8):72-79.
作者姓名:杜社妮  白岗栓  赵世伟  侯喜录
作者单位:西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌,712100;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌,712100
基金项目:国家科技支撑项目;国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划);中国科学院知识创新工程项目
摘    要:在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区以不施为对照,开展了浸种、穴施保水剂沃特和PAM对土壤水分和马铃薯生长影响研究。结果表明:沃特、PAM不同处理10~20 cm、30~40 cm土层土壤含水率在盛花前略高于对照,茎叶衰老后略低于对照。不同处理0~100 cm土层土壤水含量苗期略高于对照;花期沃特、PAM穴施用量15和30 kg/hm2处理极显著高于对照,沃特、PAM穴施用量60 kg/hm2和1.0%浸种处理显著低于对照;收获期不同处理均低于对照。不同处理花期、收获期均表现为沃特、PAM施用量越大,生物量、块茎产量越高,块茎个数越少,最大块茎越大。从播种到花期沃特、PAM穴施用量15和30 kg/hm2处理的耗水量显著低于对照,从播种到收获期不同处理的耗水量与对照无显著差异,但花期、收获期不同处理的水分利用率和水分产出率均极显著高于对照。沃特和PAM在马铃薯生产应用中,穴施应以30 kg/hm2到45 kg/hm2为宜。用1.0%的浓度浸种,可成为沃特和PAM在马铃薯生产中利用的主要方式。

关 键 词:沃特保水剂  PAM保水剂  马铃薯  土壤水分  生长状况
文章编号:1002-6819(2007)8-0072-08
收稿时间:6/8/2006 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2006-06-082007-07-16

Effects of Wote Super Absorbent and PAM absorbent on soil moisture and growth of potato
Du Sheni,Bai Gangshuan,Zhao Shiwei and Hou Xilu.Effects of Wote Super Absorbent and PAM absorbent on soil moisture and growth of potato[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(8):72-79.
Authors:Du Sheni  Bai Gangshuan  Zhao Shiwei and Hou Xilu
Institution:Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
Abstract:Compared with no used Wote super absorbent and PAM in loess hilly and gully regions of northern Shaanxi, applying Wote super absorbent and PAM in small holes near seed potato and soaking seed potato with 1.0% Wote super absorbent and 1.0% PAM, the effects of Wote and PAM on soil moisture and growth of potato were researched. The results showed: soil moisture in 10~20 cm and 30~40 cm deep soil of all treatments were slightly higher than that in CK betore floressence of potato, and were slightly lower than that in CK after stem and leaves witherd. In seedling phase, soil moisture in 0~100 cm deep soil of all treatments was slightly higher than that in CK. In florescence, soil moistures in 0~100 cm soil depth of Wote15, Wote30, PAM15 and PAM30 were super significantly(p<0.01) higher than those in CK, and Wote60, Wote1.0%, PAM45, PAM60, PAM1.0% were significantly(p<0.05) lower than that in CK. In harvest phase, soil moisture in 0~100 cm deep soil of all treatments was lower than that in CK. In florescence and harvest phase, with amounts of Wote and PAM, biomass, tuber yields, biggest tuber increased, tuber number decreased. From seeding to florescence phase, water consumptions of potato of Wote15, Wote30, PAM15 and PAM30 were significantly lower than that in CK. From seeding to harvest phase, water consumption of potato of all treatments had no difference with that in CK. In florescence and harvest phase, water use efficiency and water output rate of Wote and PAM treatments were super significantly higher than that in CK. In potato production, optimum amounts of applying Wote and PAM in small holes near the seed potato should be from 30 kg/hm2 to 45 kg/hm2. Soaking the seed potato with 1.0% Wote and 1.0%PAM should become a chiefly used way in planting potato.
Keywords:Wote super absorbent  PAM  potato  soil moisture  growth condition
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