坡面土壤剥蚀率与水蚀因子关系室内模拟试验

为了确定影响十壤剥蚀率的丰要侵蚀因子,该文采用变坡土槽在较大坡度(9°～24°)和流量(2.5～6.5 L/min)范围内进行了径流冲刷试验,运用逐步回归法,系统地分析了土壤剥蚀率与坡度和流量、水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率和单宽能耗各因子之间的关系,建市了基于水流功率和坡度的土壤剥蚀率二元线性公式(R2=0.977).结果表明,土壤剥蚀率和各水蚀因子都显著相关,土壤剥蚀率与坡度和流量呈幂函数关系(R2=0.77),土壤剥蚀率与水流剪切力呈幂函数关系(R2=0.908),土壤剥蚀率随着水流功率的增加呈线性增加(R2=0.945),土壤剥蚀率和单宽能耗呈线性关系(R2=0.91),土壤剥蚀率与单位水流功率呈三次方关系(R2=0.52);坡度和水流功率是影响土壤剥蚀率的土要凶素.

Indoor simulation experiment of the relationship between soil detachment rate and water erosion factor

In order to determine the primary erosion factors influencing soil detachment rate, the runoff wash out test was conducted in varing slop soil with the range of slope gradient from 9° to 24°and discharge from 2.5 L/min to 6.5L/min). With the method of stepwise regression analysis, therelationship between soil detachment rate and water erosion factors such as slope, discharge, runoff shear stress, stream power and unit stream power and unit energy consume was studied systemically. Based on stream power and slope, binary linear equation for soil detachment rate was determined with the detemining coefficient of 0.977. The results show that significant correlation exit between soil detachment rate and discharge and slope, runoff shear stress with the detemining coefficient of 0.77, 0.908, respectively. Soil detachment rate increases linearly with the stream power increasing with detemining coefficient of 0.945. Linear relationship exists between soil detachment rate and unit runoff energy consumption with detemining coefficient of R2=0.91. Third-order relationship exits between soil detachment rate and unit stream power with the detemining coefficient 0.52. Stream power and slope are the primary erosion factors influencing soil detachment rate.