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基于遥感反演河套灌区土壤盐分分布及对作物生长的影响
引用本文:黄权中,徐旭,吕玲娇,任东阳,柯隽迪,熊云武,霍再林,黄冠华.基于遥感反演河套灌区土壤盐分分布及对作物生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):102-109.
作者姓名:黄权中  徐旭  吕玲娇  任东阳  柯隽迪  熊云武  霍再林  黄冠华
作者单位:1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;,1.中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2.中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京 100083;
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51639009、51379209);水利部公益性项目(201501017)
摘    要:土壤盐渍化信息是评价灌区节水的生态环境效应的重要指标。该文主要研究内蒙古河套灌区土壤盐分空间分布及对作物生长的影响。于2015年4—8月在全灌区布设了281个监测点,开展了灌区尺度的逐月土壤盐分、作物生长等野外系统的采样工作,并结合开展了基于Landsat OLI数据的土壤盐分反演,分析了土壤盐分的时空分布特征及其与灌溉、地下水埋深间的关系,探讨了土壤盐分含量对作物生长的影响。结果表明,基于遥感反演的土壤盐分空间分布与样点分析的土层含盐趋势基本一致,二者相关系数高达0.87;结合样点分析与遥感反演可得出重度盐化土和盐土占灌区面积的14%左右,呈零散的斑状分布,主要受灌溉、排水条件及地下水埋影响;当地下水埋深在2.0 m以下时,土壤表层及其主根区含盐量基本在0.20%以内;土壤含盐量对种植结构、作物叶面积指数、株高和产量均有明显影响,对叶面积指数和产量的影响更为明显;向日葵则因耐盐性强而广泛种植于高含盐区,而玉米高产田的根区盐分基本均在0.05%~0.20%之间。研究结果可为河套灌区的盐渍化防治、水土资源的科学管理及农业生产提供参考。

关 键 词:土壤  盐渍化  遥感  时空分布  地下水  大尺度
收稿时间:2017/3/20 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/12/10 0:00:00

Soil salinity distribution based on remote sensing and its effect on crop growth in Hetao Irrigation District
Institution:1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;,1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;,1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China;,1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;,1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;,1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;,1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; and 1.Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture Universify Beijing 100083, China; 2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China;
Abstract:Abstract: Soil salinity analysis on a regional scale is of great significance for protecting agriculture production and maintaining eco-environmental health in arid and semi-arid irrigated areas. In this study, we explored the soil salinity distribution and its effect on crop growth in Hetal Irrigation Dsitrict based on field investigation and remote sensing inversion. The Hetao Irrigation District (Hetao) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region suffered long-term soil salinization problem. Field sampling experiments and investigations related to soil salinity, crop growth and yields were carried out at 281 different sampling points across the whole area during April to August in 2015. Spatial-temporal soil salinity characteristics were systematically analyzed as well as the corresponding impacts on crops. The remote sensing inversed soil salinity model had the accuracy of the determination coefficient of 0.75 (P<0.01) and the root mean square error of 0.10% at the validation process. The relationships between soil salinity and crops and groundwater depth were investigated. The results showed that the surface soil (0-10 cm) and the root zone soil (0-100 cm) had the mean of soil salinity 0.12%-0.20% and the mean of soil salinity was all below 0.40%. The salinity could be lower than 0.10% in some regions. The uncultivated land was mainly sever salinized. The soil salinity of the uncultivated land averaged 1.15% at 0-10 cm and 1.60% at 0-100 cm. The soil salinity had a good relationship with the total amount of irrigated water, the conditions of drainage system, and the groundwater depth. Mild salinization with the soil salinity less than 0.20% for all the investigated soil was founded when the depth of groundwater depth was about 2.0 m. Remotely sensed map of soil salinity distribution for surface soil was derived based on the Landsat OLI data with a 30 m resolution and showed that the spatial distribution of soil salinity based on remote sensing was consistent with the sample analysis, and the correlation coefficient was 0.87. Over 14% of the land with its salinization exceeded the level of heavy salinized soil in Hetao Irrigation District, and about 86% of the total area was nonsalinized or mildly salinized soil. Crops such as corn, wheat, fruits and vegetables were planted in the area with low salinity while sunflower was widely planted in the area with severe salinized soil or saline soil, and the leaf area index decreased with the increasing of soil salinity. Based on the investigation results, the corn field was classified into high level (yield>12 000 kg/hm2) and low level (yield <12 000 kg/hm2) and the sunflower field was high (yield>3 000 kg/hm2) and low level (yield<3 000 kg/hm2). The high yield level had relatively lower soil salinity than the field with low yield. So it is very important to minimize the salinity of root zone for sunflowers at the stage of filling period, especially for the lower reach of the Hetao. In addition, the strong spatial variability of salinization was clearly presented by the map of soil salinity. Overall, this paper can provide very useful information for salinization control and guidelines for agricultural production and soil-water management in Hetao.
Keywords:soils  salinization  remote sensing  spatial-temporal distribution  groundwater  large-scale
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