流域"地-矿"土地水资源利用冲突测度确定及土地整治策略

量化区域煤炭开采与水土资源相互影响程度,有助于把握土地利用过程中的主要限制因素,提高土地整治的针对性与有效性。该文以山西省泽州县长河流域为研究区,提出煤炭开采与水土资源利用相互影响测度与土地整治策略的思路和方法。首先提出煤炭开采与水土资源相互影响分析框架,并将土地、水和煤炭作为主要的相互影响对象,将土地利用系统作为影响载体,借助数学模型和GIS空间分析技术,依次评价土地损毁累积作用指数、水资源匮乏指数和煤炭资源损失指数;然后确定综合影响值及其等级空间分布,并据此将流域划分为重点生态修复区、重点生态保护区、损毁土地复垦区、耕地资源保护区、水资源匮乏修复区、水资源与耕地资源保护区和耕地质量提升区等七大土地利用功能区,并根据主要限制因素提出相应的土地整治策略。研究结果表明综合影响高值区及中值区面积占研究区总面积的分别是20.21%和33.39%,主要分布在流域西部,是煤炭开采活动集聚区,煤炭压覆及土地损毁是冲突主要表现特征,划分为重点生态修复区、重点生态保护区、损毁土地复垦区和耕地资源保护区;综合影响低值区及(基本)无影响区分别占24.24%和22.16%,主要分布在流域东部,水资源匮乏是冲突主要表现特征,划分为水资源匮乏修复区、水资源与耕地资源保护区、耕地质量提升区,以上分区与土地利用总体规划中土地用途分区基本吻合。综合影响测度模型有利于定量分析"煤炭-水土"相互利用影响等级与主导限制因素,为制定有效的土地整治策略提供依据。

Determination of conflict between coal mining and water and soil resources utilization and land consolidation strategy of resource destruction in river basin

Abstract: Quantifying the land-mining utilization conflicts will help to know the major limiting factors and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of land consolidation. Although the land-mining utilization and resource-environment effects and a lot of theoretical frameworks and qualification models have been studied to find ways to solve the resource use conflicts, it is not clear how the spatial heterogeneity of resources utilization conflicts based on resources destruction can be quantitatively visualized, and what kinds of targeted control strategies should be taken in various types and grades of resources utilization conflicts. This study carries out a case study on 47 villages in Changhe Basin of Zezhou County in Shanxi Province. Firstly, the evaluation index system was built from 3 aspects of land-mining resource system: quantity attribute, quality attribute and space attribute. The comprehensive index method and the landscape vector model were adopted to calculate the indices of land damage accumulation function, coal mining loss degree and water poverty for analyzing loss degree of land, water and coal resource. Then based on the accumulating effects of resource utilization conflicts, the sum evaluation model was used to measure the degree of land-mining utilization conflict and classify the conflicts. Thirdly, the consolidation measures were put forward based on different land-mining utilization conflicts degree and regional function division of land use. The results showed that: 1) The field survey and GIS (geographic information system) methods were adopted to overall evaluate the land-mining conflicts and illustrate 4 zones: the high conflict zone, the medium conflict zone, the low conflict zone and the conflict-free zone, which can reveal the regional differences of resources damage and interaction of resource utilization. Combined with land, water and coal resources damage assessment, the major limiting factors in different conflicts areas were revealed, which offered reference to land consolidation. 2) The areas of 4 zones are as follows: the high conflict zone (20.21% of the total area), the medium conflict zone (33.39 % of the total area), the low conflict zone (24.24% of the total area) and the non-conflict zone (22.16% of the total area). The high conflict zone is mainly located in the northwest and southwest parts of basin whose main features are coal being covered, serious land damage and water shortage; the medium conflict zone is distributed in west side of basin with serious land damage; the low conflict zone is mainly located in the northeast of basin, which is lacking of water resources; the non-conflict zone is distributed in east side of basin, which has no disturbance of coal mining and the farmland easy to be irrigated. 3) The zoning matrix of land use for land-mining utilization conflict control strategies was formulated based on conflict zones, which can be used to picture the land use control zone. The zoning matrix of land use included major ecological restoration area (Z1), major ecological restoration area (Z2), damaged land reclamation area (Z3), and cultivated land reserve area (Z4), water deficient restoration area (Z5), cultivated land and water reserve area (Z6), and cultivated land quality improvement area (Z7), which corresponded to forestry land (30.04%), forestry land (26.94%), general agricultural zone (28.21%) and basic farmland protection zone (Z4, Z5, Z6 and Z7 zone were above 37.77%). The results show that this zoning method is effective and can offer reference to land consolidation planning. The study reveals that the quantitative evaluation can not only provide the stereoscopic view of resources utilization conflicts, but also provide an operational approach to integrate land reclamation planning into industrial development planning by making targeted land use conflict prevention decisions, which helps to improve the effectiveness of land consolidation and land management in the mining region.