基于土地功能的农村居民点内部用地结构分类

科学合理的农村居民点内部用地功能结构分类是提升农村土地利用效率、实现用地结构优化配置的重要前提。该文在梳理农村居民点用地分类现状的基础上,从土地利用的功能角度出发,构建了涵盖农村居民点用地生产功能、生活功能、生态功能和潜在功能的分类体系,其中包含4个一级类、10个二级类和37个三级类;并以该分类方法为基础,通过实地调查典型农村居民点内部用地结构现状,从微观视角揭示内部用地结构。基于新的分类体系,大兴庄村用地类型可分为28种,农村居民点内部生产用地、生活用地和生态用地的比例分别为34.73%、53.53%和4.06%,可挖潜面积比例为占农村居民点总面积的13.09%。研究结果为中国农村居民点用地分类体系构建提供了基本思路和工作框架。

Land use internal structure classification of rural settlements based on land use function

Abstract: Different land use types are mixed with each other inside the rural settlements. They are in spontaneous, loose and chaotic development situations. It is common condition for extensive and inefficient land use. Through the research of internal function structure of rural settlements, we can identify the existing problems to provide guidance for the quantitative and spatial arrangement of different land use types, thus enhancing land use efficiency to achieve the optimal goal. The paper established the land use internal structure classification system of rural settlements from the perspective of function. We tried to master the internal land use structure of rural settlements in a microcosmic perspective. Following the principles to show the rural land characteristics, so as to provide guidance for land management and reflect social-economic development, we divided the internal land use structure into production function land, living function land, ecological function land and potential function land. Production function land was divided according to industrial types. Living function land was divided according to residents'' demand. Ecological function land was divided according to ecological service types. Potential function land was divided according to the consolidation costs. Eventually, the land use classification system consisted of 4 classes, 10 secondary classes and 37 tertiary classes. It could satisfy the research needs of small scale and high precision. Based on the established classification system, we investigated the rural settlement of Daxingzhuang Village, Pinggu district, Beijing City through field survey and participatory evaluation method, acquiring its internal land use structure. After the comparative analysis between land use functional structure classification of rural settlement and current land use classification (GB/T 21010-2007), we found that there is a significant differentiation between the 2 classification systems: 14 land use types in current land use classification and 28 land use types in land use functional structure classification of rural settlement. Land use functional structure classification of rural settlement in this paper refined the current land use classification. It put more focus on the actual land use condition, and weakened the ownership property of internal land use types, such as urban land, rural settlement land and independent industrial and mining land. This classification system has achieved the purpose of accurately characterizing rural settlement land with fewer land use types, and highlighting the dominant functions of various land use types. The comparison results showed that living function land accounted for a relatively stable proportion and formed the basic structure of rural settlements. However, the sub-classification of housing land, such as the idle housing land, could provide foundation for internal land use potential development, which could promote the improvement of rural settlement land use efficiency and the land use standard measurement. Besides, land use functional structure classification of rural settlement could also calculate the multi functions of rural settlements. The production function land in Daxingzhuang Village accounted for 34.73%, the living function land 53.53%, the ecological function land 4.06%, and the potential function land 7.68%. It could not only satisfy the demands of peasant, but also propel the rural settlement land consolidation, thereby promoting the internal land use investigation, planning and management, and the coordinated development between urban and rural areas.