农业现代化过程中基础设施工程化路径与方法

中国农业现代化是在一个高速变化的社会巨系统中发展进步的,农业基础设施作为先导性核心要素之一,复杂性、动态性、开放性也在不断提高,需要用现代的工程理论和方法来确保基础设施建设质量与综合效益能够支撑农业现代化的整个进程。该文以工程硬件特征明显的生产性基础设施为研究对象,对农业现代化要求下的农业基础设施概念、内涵、特征、内容、现状进行了研究分析;提出了农业基础设施工程化的概念、特征、内容、相互关系和发展趋势。分析表明,农业基础设施工程化总体上就是将工程的理念、方法、技术、结果运用到农业工程建设领域,在路径上要在微观和宏观2个层面加以推动,微观上要将工程战略、工程决策、工程准备、工程实施以及工程运营的工具和方法贯穿在农业基本建设项目生命周期的全过程;宏观上就是将各类建设事项的综合决策、实施、评价3个环节科学衔接,在整体推进的时间、程度、目标等方面实现系统化、协同化和最优化,最大程度地发挥出农业基础设施对中国农业现代化长期稳定的基础支撑作用。在中国农业现代化需要加速推进的现实下,农业基础设施工程化的内容亟待丰富、水平亟待提高,该研究提出的观点、方法、工具将对推动这一进程提供有益的参考和借鉴。

Approaches and methods of infrastructure engineering during agricultural modernization

Abstract: Progress and development of Chinese agricultural modernization are accompanied by the rapid changing of the society. Agricultural infrastructure, one of the core factors, has the characteristics of complexity, dynamism and openness. Construction quality and comprehensive benefit need modern engineering theory and methods to support the whole process of agricultural modernization. Taking productive hardware infrastructure as research objects, this paper studied and analyzed the concept, connotation, characteristics, content and current situation of agricultural infrastructure. And the concept, characteristics, content, mutual relation and development trend of agricultural infrastructure engineering were proposed. This paper pointed out that agricultural infrastructure mainly refers to the basic hardware facilities to improve the operating ability of agricultural production and represents the pilot factor of agricultural and rural development, and it is the premise of strengthening the foundation of agriculture, and the key to improve the competitiveness of agriculture. And the quality and long term are the important elements of the construction of the infrastructure in the future. Agricultural infrastructure should include roads, water conservancy, telecommunications, electricity, energy, farmland construction, horticulture, animal husbandry, aquatic facilities, storage, processing, environmental protection, services, emergency, construction, and so on. Agricultural infrastructure engineering means the procedure, making the quality and function of the whole life cycle of infrastructure fully guaranteed based on the theories and achievements of science and technology under the scientific operation mechanism and standard specification implemented by the organization. And the agricultural infrastructure engineering has the characteristics of scientific nature, systematicness, standardization, high efficiency and persistence. Agricultural infrastructure engineering is composed of project strategy, engineering decision-making, engineering preparation, engineering implementation and the various stages of the project operation and the closed loop of the 4 factors. Agricultural infrastructure engineering mainly experiences 3 stages. In the early stage of engineering development, agricultural infrastructure engineering has the trend of piloting the content system and meets the sustainable development requirements. The results showed that agricultural infrastructure engineering means the applications of the concept, methods, techniques and the results of the project in the construction of agricultural engineering. And the agricultural infrastructure engineering was promoted from microcosmic and macroscopic aspects. At the microscopic aspect, the tools and methods of the engineering strategy, engineering decision, project preparation, project implementation and project operation are considered throughout the whole process of the life cycle of the agricultural basic construction project. At the macroscopic aspect, it needs to link the comprehensive decision of various constructions, implementations and evaluations, and systematize and optimize the advancement of the timing, extent, goals, and so on. These practices can maximize the long-term stability of agricultural infrastructure in Chinese agricultural modernization. In the circumstance of accelerating China''s agricultural modernization, the contents of agricultural infrastructure engineering need to be enriched and improved, and the views, methods, and tools revealed in this study can provide the basis for advancing this process.