产权认知及外部环境对农户土地流转行为影响模型分析

农民的产权认知及外部环境直接影响农户的土地流转行为决策。该文基于陕西关中地区545户农户调研数据,按农民非农收入水平和承包地经营规模分异将农户进行分组,用多群组结构方程模型,将非农水平和承包地经营规模作为调节变量,分析农户产权认知及外部环境对其土地流转行为的影响差异。研究结果表明:农户土地流转意愿对其土地流转行为的综合影响最大,外部环境次之。农户对土地抵押权的认知对土地流转意愿具有显著影响。家庭非农收入水平高、经营规模小的农户更容易将土地流转意愿转化为土地流转行为。研究产权认知和外部环境因素能为制定土地流转政策提供科学依据。

Modeling analysis on influence of property cognition and external environment on land transfer behavior of farmer

Abstract: A large number of excellent farmers are attracted to cities during the rapid progress of urbanization in the last decades. The direct consequence of the large scale farmers'' transfer is the increasingly abandoned and idle farmland resources in rural areas. Thus it is quite necessary to encourage farmers who do not desire to do farm work any more to transfer their land to farmers who still want to continue farming, so that the abandoned and idle farmland resources can be reused again, and the use efficiency of farmland resources and the income level of remaining farmers can be improved as well. Although the central government of China has applied various policies to promote the farmland transfer for many years, there are still many obstacles during the process of pushing farmland transfer. The low rent comes in the first, which prevents the process, because there are no transfer agencies to formulate the standard price, provide transfer information and offer service for farmers who tend to transfer their land. In addition, the lack of the social security for rural people is another important obstacle, and thus farmers are cautious when making farmland transfer decision. However, it is of great importance to promote farmland transfer, as many parties could be benefited. As farmers are economically rational, when they need to make decision whether to transfer their land, their property cognition and preference degree of farmland, the external policy and mechanism environment will be all taken into consideration. Farmers'' property cognition and preference will influence their commercial behavior and the transfer way, and the external policies and mechanism environment of course impact the price of land transfer and the operation of land market. Therefore, it is necessary to take farmers'' farmland property cognition and the external environment into consideration during the research of farmers'' land transfer behavior. During the research, if all sample farmers are considered as an entire party, the specific features of some farmers are often be ignored. So farmers can be divided into different groups by different specific features during the research, and the effects of different factors on different farmer groups'' farmland transfer are analyzed. For the purpose of testing the influence of property cognition of farmers and the external environment condition on the behavior of land transfer of farmers, data of 545 households in Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province were used to do the analysis. The non-agricultural income level and operation scale were set as the adjusted variables in the multi-group structural equation model. The results showed that, farmers'' land transfer will and behavior were influenced significantly by the property cognition of farmers and the external environment. Farmers'' behaviors of land transfer were greatly impacted by their will of land transfer, followed by the external environment. The results of the multi-group structural equation model indicated that farmers'' land transfer willingness were influenced significantly by their private cognition of land mortgage right, and farmers with high-level non-agricultural income and small operation scale tended to turn their land transfer will to action.