生物质能的开发与利用

全世界总能耗的七分之一来自生物质能,约有15亿以上的人口仍把生物质能作为他们的主要能源。生物质能是唯一既具有矿物燃料属性,又有可储存、可再生、可转换等特点,并较少受自然条件制约的能源。生物质经过转化可以成为有用的热能、电能和作为动力用的燃料,主要转换途径有直接燃烧、气化或液化。生物质经过气化可转化为高品位的一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷等可燃气体。经过厌氧消化,生物质可转化为沼气,生物质转化为液态燃料有热化、生化、机械和化学等方法。

A Potential Renewable Energy Resources

One seventh of the world energy consumption is from biomass energy and more than 1. 5 billion of the world population still makes use of it as their daily energy consumption. Biomass energy is such a sort of energy which not only carries the characteristics of the fossil fuels, but also can be stored, transported, renewed and converted with less restriction of natural conditions. For instance, it can be converted into useful heat and electrical energy, and various forms of fuel for power generation by ways of burning directly, gasification or liquefaction. Through gasification, it can be converted into high quality combustible gas, mainly CO, H₂, CH₄. And through anaerobic digestion, it can be converted into biogas, which is a promising technology for biomass gasification. There are four ways to convert it into liquid fuel, namely heat-treated, biochemical, mechanical and chemical.