转型期矿业乡村综合效能评价及障碍诊断

针对转型期矿业乡村背景的特殊性,引入"综合效能"理念,采用调查统计、超效率DEA（Data Envelopment Analysis）模型、Malmquist指数和障碍因子法,分析了北京门头沟区妙峰山镇2010－2020年乡村综合效能的动态变化及其障碍因素。结果表明：1）2010－2020年,妙峰山镇综合效能水平呈增长趋势,乡村综合效能空间分异明显,综合效能水平整体偏低,呈南北高、中间低的分布格局。高值区主要集中在涧沟村、上苇甸村、陇驾庄村等,低值区主要分布在丁家滩村、大沟村、南庄村等,这些地区均是产业转型过程中首要关注的重点乡村。2）妙峰山镇综合效能全要素生产率呈增长趋势,技术进步贡献作用不显著。超过50%的乡村综合效能全要素生产率呈改善趋势,仅有47.06%的乡村在综合效能提升过程中存在技术进步现象,纯技术效率变化指数差异不大且波动较小,超过二分之一的乡村的纯技术效率呈下降趋势,大部分乡村的技术效率及规模效率变化大于1。3）妙峰山镇综合效能的障碍因子由早期乡村基础设施建设的限制转为矿业乡村企业转型投入等问题。各乡村综合效能的障碍因子具有明显的区域相似性和空间异质性,矿业企业转型及生态修复投入资金量、矿业用地转型面积比例、人均文化设施面积、矿区废弃地利用水平是限制乡村综合效能的主要障碍因素。研究揭示了转型期矿业乡村综合效能的分布格局及障碍因子,为制定差别化的综合效能提升策略提供依据。

Comprehensive effectiveness evaluation and obstacle diagnosis of mining villages in the transition period

An accurate evaluation of comprehensive effectiveness can greatly contribute to promoting human settlements and sustainable development in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to clarify the basic connotation of rural comprehensive effectiveness, in order to obtain the maximum value with the minimum investment in the mining villages in the transition period using the shortage of mineral, land, and environmental resources. The concept of "comprehensive effectiveness" was introduced to establish the evaluation system, where the input indicators were the capital, labor and land, whereas, the output indicators were the economy, society and ecology in the rural areas. The field investigation, super-efficiency DEA, Malmquist index, and obstacle factor were used to analyze the dynamic change and obstacles of rural comprehensive effectiveness in Miaofengshan of Mentougou District, Beijing, China, from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that: 1) There was an increasing trend in the comprehensive effectiveness level, indicating the significant spatial differentiation of rural comprehensive effectiveness. There was a low overall effectiveness level with the distribution pattern of high in the north and south, and low in the middle. The high-value areas were mainly concentrated in Jiangou, Shangweidian, and Longjiazhuang villages, while the low-value areas were mainly distributed in Dingjiatan, Dagou, and Nanzhuang villages. The large lower and lowest comprehensive effectiveness levels were the key villages of primary concern in the process of industrial transformation. 2) The Malmquist index showed that the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of comprehensive effectiveness was greater than 1, and the mean Technology Change (TC) was less than 1, where the TFP showed an increasing trend, while there was no significant contribution of technological progress to rural comprehensive effectiveness. Among them, more than 50% villages of total factor productivity showed an improvement trend, only 47.06% of which made technological progress in improving comprehensive effectiveness. There were little differences and fluctuations in the change index of pure technical efficiency. More than half of rural pure technical efficiency showed a downward trend, where the technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change were greater than 1 in most rural areas. Three villages with the highest growth rates were Tanchang, Jiangou and Longjiazhuang villages. 3) The obstacle factors of the comprehensive effectiveness were changed from the restriction of rural infrastructure construction to the transformation investment of mining rural enterprises. There were outstanding regional similarity and spatial heterogeneity in the obstacle factors. The main obstacle factors restricting the comprehensive effectiveness of villages were the investment in the transformation and ecological restoration of mining enterprises, proportion of mining land transformation area, per capita area of cultural facilities, and utilization level of abandoned land in mining areas. The research revealed the distribution pattern and obstacle factors of the comprehensive effectiveness of mining villages in the transition period. The finding can provide a strong reference to formulate the promotion strategies of differentiated comprehensive effectiveness.