乡村振兴视域下农村土地整治的内涵重构与系统特征

乡村振兴战略是国家面向农业农村现代化而提出的长远战略部署,目标导向十分明确,关键在于选择可行路径。农村土地整治是地方主体对乡村土地利用转型的能动响应,其本质在于协调乡村人地关系,核心内容是调整土地权属和组织土地利用,提高土地利用的综合效益。聚焦土地利用问题,以土地整治为切入点,注重激活与整合乡村人口、土地、产业、政策等关键要素,形成"土地利用转型→农村土地整治→乡村空间重构→乡村转型发展→乡村振兴"的逻辑机制链,可成为助推乡村振兴的有效技术路径。乡村振兴背景下土地整治被赋予新的内涵、价值与功能,实践中需重视土地权属调整和确立农民主体地位;土地整治也是一项复杂的系统工程,需要从外界持续输入物质要素才能正常运行,客观上要求拓宽资金来源渠道和加强配套制度供给。

Connotation reconstruction and system characteristics of rural land consolidation from perspective of rural revitalization

Abstract: China''s rural revitalization strategy is a long-term strategic deployment for agricultural and rural modernization in 2050. The goal orientation of this strategy is very explicit, and the key problem is to choose a feasible path. Rural revitalization is essentially an issue of rural development that rural areas transit from the current stage of development to a higher stage of development. It is a long-term and trend process, and the transition process is the rural transformation development process. There is a coupling relationship between land use and rural development. In the process of rural development, different land use stakeholders utilize economic, technological and institutional measures to redistribute land resources which lead to changes in land use patterns. Conversely, land use change in turn facilitates on rural development. This interaction mechanism will lead to different economic and social effects and the reactions of related stakeholders, and play a vital role in rural development. Rural land consolidation is an active response of the local participants in intervening rural land use transformation, and its essential meaning is coordinating the relationship of rural population and land use, and the key content is adjusting land ownership and organizing land use for more efficiency of rural land use. Under the background of rural revitalization strategy, the function and orientation of land consolidation should be further improved, and it should be re-examined by jumping out of the land category and focusing on rural areas. Therefore, focusing on the land use problems, rural land consolidation should pay attention to activate and integrate rural key elements such as labor, land, industry and policy to promote rural spatial restructuring and transformation development. Then the land consolidation can be an important and effective technical measure for rural revitalization. In fact, rural land consolidation involves many elements, from the perspective of system theory, the land consolidation system includes stakeholder sub-system, target object sub-system, planning and design sub-system, engineering technology sub-system, institution and mechanism sub-system, and very important external environment. There is the mutual feedback mechanism between land consolidation system and external environment which determines the system''s normal operation and evolution direction. In the new era, land consolidation is endowed with new value and function such as internal functions and external functions. The former includes optimizing land use patterns, adjusting land ownership relations, reorganizing rural land use to achieve the goal of coordinating the relationship between people and land in rural areas. The later refers to the overall effect in the process of coupling interaction between land consolidation system and external environment. It is realized through the functional evolution of each sub-system. It mainly embodies in improving regional land use efficiency and output efficiency, promoting the integration of urban-rural elements and the cultivation of characteristic industries, promoting rural transformation development, and to produce comprehensive demonstration effect and experience, etc. Therefore, guided by the rural revitalization, in order to fully realize the new function of land consolidation, land ownership adjustment must be taken more attention and the subjective status of farmers must be rebuilt in practice. What''s more, land consolidation is a system engineering that needs more elements form external environment for normal operation. So, it is necessary to broaden the fund sources and supply the matching systems.