斥水剂作用下非饱和土壤抗剪强度测定及其变化规律

为获得斥水性土壤抗剪强度的变化规律,采用二甲基二氯硅烷(dimethyldichlorosilane,DMDCS)作为斥水剂,获得了不同斥水程度的改性砂土。在此基础上配制了不同斥水剂体质比和不同含水率的改性砂土及不同亲水黏土质量分数的改性混合土,并采用非饱和土直剪仪开展了不固结不排水剪强度试验。结果表明:1)不同DMDCS体质比下的5种改性砂土斥水等级均为极度。改性混合土的斥水等级受DMDCS和黏土含量的共同影响。相同DMDCS体质比下,随着黏土含量的增加,改性混合土的斥水性能不断减弱;相同黏土含量下,随着DMDCS体质比的增加,改性混合土的斥水性能不断增大。2)不同DMDCS体质比、含水率及黏土含量下的改性土壤抗剪强度均可用摩尔-库仑强度准则描述。DMDCS体质比从0增至1%时,黏聚力从19.6陡降至10.4 kPa,随后缓慢降低,最终趋于稳定。内摩擦角则随着DMDCS体质比的增加缓慢减小,从0时的16.2o降至3%时的11.8o;随着含水率的增加,改性砂土黏聚力逐渐减小,而内摩擦角呈先升后降形态;随着黏土含量的增加,改性混合土黏聚力显著增大,内摩擦角表现为先升后降,变幅不大。纯改性砂土的黏聚力仅为9.3 kPa,而掺入5%的黏土时,其黏聚力骤升至27.2 kPa;当黏土质量分数为50%时,混合土黏聚力为55.1 kPa;内摩擦角最大值为16.2°(黏土质量分数15%),最小值为9.7°(黏土质量分数50%)。该成果可为深入研究斥水性土壤力学性能及工程应用提供参考。

Measurement of shear strength and its change in unsaturated soils modified by hydrophobic agent

Abstract: In order to study how shear strength and its change in unsaturated soils modified by hydrophobic agent, sandy soils hydrophobized by dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS) were prepared. The hydrophobic soils with different DMDCS volume by soil mass, water content and clay content were obtained respectively. Mixtures of sandy soils (DMDCS volume by soil mass were 2 mL:100 g and 3 mL:100 g, i.e., 2% and 3%, the same below) with 3%, 5%, 7%, 11% and 13% water content were prepared respectively. Meanwhile, the mixtures of clay and sandy soils (3% DMDCS) according to the clay mass fraction of 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% and 50% were prepared respectively. Then the unsaturated direct shear tests were carried out by unsaturated direct shear apparatus. Four samples in each group were prepared under the normal pressure in 100, 200, 300 and 400 kPa, respectively. The horizontal shearing ratio was 0.8 mm/min and the shearing test lasted 6 min. The results showed that: 1) The mixtures of sandy soils and DMDCS presented extreme hydrophobicity. 2) The water repelling of mixtures of clay and sandy soils was affected by both DMDCS and clay content. The water repelling of mixtures was degraded with the increasing of clay content, and improved with the increasing of DMDCS volume by soil mass. 3) The Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion could be adopted to describe the shear strength of hydrophobic sandy soils with different DMDCS and water content. With the increasing of DMDCS volume by soil mass, the shear strength index of the hydrophobic soil was decreased to different extents. The cohesive force showed a steep-drop shape from soil without DMDCS addition to that with 1% DMDCS and a slow decline up to stabilize finally. The effect of DMDCS on the cohesive force of modified sandy soils was much greater than on the internal friction angle. The hydrophobic soils'' cohesion with the increasing of water content was decreased gradually, while the internal friction angle was increased firstly and decreased finally. The water content had a much effect on the shear strength of the hydrophobic sandy soils. The shear strength index were decreased with the increasing of DMDCS volume by soil mass: the cohesion was declined rapidly from 19.6 kPa (no DMDCS) to 10.4 kPa (1% DMDCS) and slowly from 10.4 kPa (1% DMDCS) to 9.3 kPa (3% DMDCS). The internal friction angle was declined slowly from 16.2° (no DMDCS) to 11.8° (3% DMDCS). The cohesion was decreased with the increasing of water content: the cohesion was declined from 15.5 kPa (3% water content) to 7.5 kPa (13% water content) with 2% DMDCS and from 15 kPa (3% water content) to 5.2 kPa (13% water content) with 3% DMDCS respectively; the internal friction angle was increased from 12.7° (3% water content) to 15.2° (11% water content) with 2% DMDCS and from 11.7° (3% water content) to 14.6° (7% water content) with 3% DMDCS, then decreased to 13.9° (13% water content) with 2% DMDCS and 11.9° (13% water content) with 3% DMDCS respectively. 4) The Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion could also be adopted to describe the shear strength of hydrophobic mixed soils with different clay content. The cohesion was increased remarkably with the increasing of clay content. The cohesion of sandy soils without clay was 9.3 kPa, then suddenly increased to 27.2 kPa and 55.1 kPa mixed with 5% and 50% clay mass fraction, respectively. The internal friction angle was increased from 12.1° (5% clay mass fraction) to 16.2° (15% clay mass fraction), and then decreased to 9.7° (50% clay mass fraction). All the analysis could be beneficial to analyze the shear strength of hydrophobized soils and apply in engineering.