偏心式林果振动采收机的研制与试验

为提高林果采收效率,降低采收成本,针对中国果园矮化密植模式下机械化作业条件差的特点,设计了偏心式林果振动采收机。该机安装在电控履带车上,通过偏心块旋转产生的离心力激振树干实现林果振动采收。建立了偏心式振动采收动力学模型,得出了采收机—果树系统稳态响应振幅表达式并分析了主要影响因素。利用该采收机对核桃(新新2号)进行了采收试验,结果表明:激振频率对树干全振幅和果实采净率具有显著性影响(P=0.05),树干全振幅和果实采净率随激振频率的增大而增大,激振频率20Hz时达到最大值,分别为8.83mm和92.6%;落果和树干夹持处均未见破坏性损伤,但激振频率越大,夹持处痕迹越明显,建议控制激振频率于19～20Hz,平均采净率约达到89.5%～92.6%,而且果实和树干没有破坏性损伤。该研究为实际生产提供指导。

Development and experiment of eccentric-type vibratory harvester for forest-fruits

For shortened and densely planted orchards in China,suitable mechanized operating condition was poor.In order to improve the harvesting efficiency of forest-fruit and reduce the harvesting cost,eccentric-type forest-fruit vibratory harvester was designed under mechanized operation for dwarf and close planting.The harvester was installed on electronic control tracklayer,which realized harvest with centrifugal force generated by circular motion of the eccentric block.Dynamic model of eccentric-type vibratory harvester was constructed,expression of response amplitude was derived and the main influencing factors on amplitude were analyzed.The walnut(J.regia ’Xinxin2’) harvesting experiment was done with this harvester.Results showed that the shaking frequency had significant effect on both trunk amplitude and fruit removal rate(P=0.05).The trunk amplitude and fruit removal rate increased at higher levels of shaking frequency,and reached the maximum values of 8.83 mm and 92.6% respectively when shaking frequency was 20 Hz with no fruit or tree damage.However,the clamp bark injury turned to be more apparent as the shaking frequency increased.Finally,shaking frequency was recommended at the range of 19-20 Hz,at which fruit removal rate was 89.5%-92.6% with no damage of the fruit or fruit tree.The study provides guidance for the practical production.