基于指标综合特征的耕地遗传质量和动态质量评价

基于耕地资源内在禀赋特征与外在利用水平的综合视角从静态和动态2个维度评价耕地质量,对实现耕地数量、质量、生态"三位一体"保护具有重要意义。该研究基于指标综合特征的内在属性特征和外在利用水平2个维度构建指标响应时间（Indicator Response Time,IRT）和人为干扰程度（Degree of Human Interference,DHI）2个指标,将耕地质量评价指标划分为遗传指标和动态指标,并将耕地质量分为遗传质量和动态质量,从遗传质量和动态质量2个维度衡量耕地质量,并以河北省曲周县为例进行实证研究。结果表明：1）基于指标综合特征将耕地质量划分为遗传质量和动态质量,从相对稳定的遗传质量和较高变异的动态质量2个维度评价耕地质量,更能体现自然环境和人为活动变化对耕地质量的影响,对耕地质量建设与提升具有积极作用;2）曲周县耕地综合质量以高等和中等为主,共占耕地总面积的82.33%,而耕地遗传质量和动态质量均以高等地为主,分别为耕地总面积的60.65%和50.18%,主要分布于县域北部和南部地区;3）曲周县耕地遗传质量和动态质量均以高等地的面积最大,为耕地总面积的29.19%,分别占高等遗传质量和高等动态质量面积的48.13%和58.17%;相同土壤类型的耕地遗传质量普遍比耕地动态质量高,且耕地遗传质量的空间变异程度较低;4）曲周县耕地遗传质量平均等级略微大于耕地动态质量平均等级,但耕地遗传质量和动态质量相等与略微差异的面积占耕地总面积的85.36%,其中,遗传质量等于动态质量的面积为耕地总面积的37.17%。该研究有利于建立保护遗传质量和提升动态质量的基本理念,可为土地综合整治和高标准农田建设提供基础依据。

Evaluation of inherent quality and dynamic quality of cultivated land based on comprehensive characteristics of indexes

Abstract: Quality evaluation of cultivated land is the most vital and most fundamental for the utilization and management of cultivated land resource. According to the element characteristics of cultivated land quality, this study aims to construct an index system of quality evaluation for cultivated land, via screening the comprehensive evaluation indicators from five respects: climatic conditions, topographic characteristics, soil properties, farming conditions, and environmental conditions. Two indicators can be proposed, namely the indicator response time (IRT) and degree of human interference (DHI), based on the internal attribute characteristics and external utilization level of indicator comprehensive characteristics. The indicators was divided into inherent indicators and dynamic indicators, and then the quality of cultivated land was also divided into inherent quality and dynamic quality of cultivated land. Therefore, two aspects were classified to measure the quality of cultivated land, including a relatively stable inherent quality and a relatively high dynamic quality. An integrated algorithm was used to calculate the inherent and dynamic quality index of a cultivated land, thereby to obtain the comprehensive quality of cultivated land. Quzhou county of Hebei province was also selected as a case study in the framework of inherent and dynamic quality of a cultivated land. The results showed that: 1) In the indicator of comprehensive characteristics, the quality of cultivated land can be efficiently evaluated from the relatively stable inherent quality and high variable dynamic quality, indicating a better performance to evaluate the impact of changes in the natural environment and human activities on cultivated land quality. 2) The comprehensive quality of cultivated land in Quzhou County was mainly in the high and medium level, accounting for 82.33% of the total cultivated land. The inherent and dynamic quality of cultivated land were dominated by the high-grade land, which was 60.65% and 50.18% of the total cultivated land area, respectively, indicating most distribution in the northern and southern regions of the county. 3) The area with the high inherent and dynamic quality of cultivated land was the largest in Quzhou County, accounting for 29.19% of the total cultivated area, where 48.13% and 58.17% of the areas with the high inherent and high dynamic quality, respectively. The inherent quality of cultivated land in the same soil type was generally higher than that of the dynamic quality, and the degree of spatial variability of cultivated land was lower in the inherent quality. 4) The average grade for the inherent quality of cultivated land in Quzhou County was slightly higher than that of dynamic quality, but the area with equal or slightly different inherent and dynamic quality of the cultivated land accounted for 85.36% of the total cultivated land area. The area of inherent quality equal to dynamic quality accounted for 37.17% of the total cultivated land. The evaluation data can contribute to the establishment of systematic land plans to protect the inherent quality, while improve dynamic quality. Therefore, the finding can provide a basic reference for the comprehensive land management and high-standard farmland construction, further to realize the trinity protection of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology.