亚热带土壤导水特征对钠盐溶液浓度的响应

再生水中高浓度钠盐溶液入渗对土壤水力特性的影响是长期低质水灌溉引起土壤生态环境退化的关键问题之一。该文采用定水头渗透法、一维水平土柱吸渗法测定不同浓度钠盐溶液条件下亚热带地区黏性潮土、沙性潮土、红壤、水稻土、紫色土共5种土壤的水动力学参数,分析了土壤理化性质和钠盐溶液浓度对土壤导水特征的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:土壤粉粒、交换性钙及交换性镁含量具有促进土壤水分运动的作用,而土壤黏粒、交换性铁及交换性铝含量则表现出抑制作用。与蒸馏水处理相比较,钠盐加快了土壤水分黏性潮土、沙性潮土及水稻土中的土壤水分运动速率,分别可最高提升其土壤水分扩散率为22.0%、37.3%、39.7%;钠盐减缓了红壤和紫色土的水分扩散速率,溶液钠盐浓度越高,其抑制作用越明显。土壤饱和导水率随溶液盐浓度升高呈先降后升的趋势,1~10 g/L钠盐浓度范围内土壤饱和导水率与钠盐浓度具有良好的抛物线关系(R^2>0.807),各土壤导水率最小极值点的钠盐浓度在5 g/L左右。因此,再生水灌溉利用时其盐浓度适度控制低于其极值点浓度。

Response of soil hydraulic property to sodium salt solution concentration in subtropical zone

The effect of high concentration sodium salt solution infiltration in reclaimed water on soil hydraulic characteristics is one of the key problems of soil ecological environment degradation caused by long-term low-quality water irrigation. In this paper, the hydrodynamic parameters of 5 kinds of subtropical soil, such as clay fluvo aquic soil, sandy fluvo aquic soil, red soil, paddy soil and purple soil, were measured by constant head penetration method and one-dimensional horizontal soil column imbibition method. The influence of sodium salt solution concentration on the hydraulic properties of soil was investigated, and the mechanism of the physical and chemical properties of soil affecting the hydraulic conductivity was analyzed. The results showed sodium slat solution infiltration could enhance soil wet front migration rate of clay fluvo aquic soil, sandy fluvo aquic soil and paddy soil maximally by 33.0%, 32.5% and 93.5%, lower that of red soil maximally by 34.8%. The soil clay content, exchangeable iron and aluminum content mainly inhibited soil water movement, while silt content, exchangeable calcium and magnesium content promoted soil water movement. Sodium salt accelerated water movement in clay fluvo aquic soil, sandy fluvo aquic soil and paddy soil. Relative soil water diffusivity increased by 22.0%, 37.3% and 39.7% respectively. Sodium salt inhibited the water diffusion of red soil and purple soil. The higher salt concentration could result in the smaller relative soil water diffusivity. At 15 g/L salt concentration, the soil water diffusivity decreased by 30.5% for red soil and 42.1% for purple soil, respectively. Relative soil water diffusivity of clay fluvo aquic soil, sandy fluvo aquic soil, red soil and purple soil fluctuated with the increase of soil water content, while the relative soil water diffusivity of paddy soil decreased with the increase of soil water content. Relative soil water diffusivity of paddy soils showed a good parabolic relationship with salt concentration (R2=0.987), while red soils and purple soils showed a good linear relationship with salt concentration (R2>0.933). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of clay fluvo aquic soil treated with sodium salt solution increased most obviously, with a maximum increase of 77.3%, followed by paddy soil, with a maximum increase of 25.1%. With the increase of salt solution concentration, the relative saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil decreased first and then increased. In the range of 1-10 g/L salt concentration, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil had a good parabolic relationship with the sodium salt concentration (R2 was not less than 0.807), and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil was the smallest when the concentration of each extreme point of soil was about 5 g/L. Therefore, the salt concentration of reclaimed water should be moderately controlled to a level lower than the extreme point concentration.