农林废弃物对厨余垃圾堆肥腐殖化的影响与微生物驱动机制

高碳源农林辅料复配是实现厨余垃圾好氧堆肥促腐提质的关键技术，但不同辅料对厨余垃圾堆肥过程腐殖化的影响及其相应的微生物驱动机制仍不清楚，从而限制了对辅料的有效筛选与利用。为此，该研究选用园林废弃物、玉米秸秆和西瓜秧3种典型高碳源农林废弃物为辅料，探究其对厨余垃圾堆肥过程有机质腐殖化的调控效果与机制。研究结果表明：相较于园林废弃物和西瓜秧，添加15%玉米秸秆（湿质量）作为辅料，能够有效调节堆体物料结构，富集功能微生物，促进厨余垃圾堆肥产物腐熟度提升，种子发芽指数可达139%。具体而言，西瓜秧蛋白质含量较高，作为辅料能够在堆肥初期促进堆体快速升温，但不利于高温期延续，且产物腐殖化程度较低。相比之下，园林废弃物和玉米秸秆添加可以在高温期和降温腐熟期富集更多Ureibacillus、Bacillus Oceanobacillus和Flavobacterium等具有木聚糖降解和纤维素降解功能的细菌，促进有机质转化为多酚、氨基酸等腐殖质前驱物，进而推动稳定的腐殖酸生成。特别是玉米秸秆作为辅料时有效增加了具有木质纤维素降解功能的细菌，从而能够加速有机质的降解，促进腐殖化提升75%,研究结果为选取适宜的辅料强化厨余垃圾堆肥产品品质提供参考。

Effects of agricultural and forestry wastes on humification and its microbially driven mechanisms in kitchen waste composting

The combination of agricultural and forestry exciparants with high carbon source is the key technology to promote the rot and improve the quality of food waste in aerobic composting. However, the influence of different exciparants on the humification of food waste composting and the corresponding microbial driving mechanism are still unclear, which limits the effective screening and utilization of exciparants. Therefore, the study selected three typical high-carbon agricultural and forestry wastes, garden waste, maize straw and watermelon seedling, as auxiliary materials to explore the effect and mechanism of regulating organic humification in the composting process of kitchen waste. The results showed that compared with garden waste and watermelon seedlings, adding 15% maize straw (wet mass) as auxiliary materials could effectively adjust the material structure of the pile, enrich functional microorganisms, promote the maturation of food waste compost products, and the seed germination index could reach 139%. Specifically, the protein content of watermelon seedlings is high, which can promote the rapid temperature rise of the pile in the early stage of composting, but it is not conducive to the continuation of high temperature period, and the degree of product humification is low. In contrast, the addition of garden waste and maize straw can enrich more Ureibacillus, Bacillus Oceanobacillus, Flavobacterium and other bacteria with xylan degradation and cellulose degradation functions in high temperature and low temperature decomposition periods. Promote the conversion of organic matter into humus precursors such as polyphenols and amino acids, and then promote stable humic acid generation. In particular, when corn straw is used as an auxiliary material, bacteria with lignocellulosic degradation function can be effectively increased, which can accelerate the degradation of organic matter and promote humification by 75%. The research results provide a reference for selecting appropriate auxiliary materials to enhance the quality of food waste compost products.