土地整治过程中农田防护林的生态景观设计

如何快速有效地提高农田防护林的生态景观效益是土地整治绿色基础建设中亟待探讨的命题。该文在野外实地调查的基础上,定量计算了现有防护林带的疏透度、有效防护距离和占地面积,并基于农田防护林生态化建设标准,分析了现有林带乔灌木结构配置、林带间距以及林带宽度的合理性,且对不合理的林带结构进行了生态化设计。同时,定性分析了项目区现有防护林带的优势景观空间、景观节点、重要景观轴线和功能区的景观建设需求。最后,结合生态化和景观化两个过程进行了防护林带空间结构和植物景观配置的综合设计。结果表明,综合了生态化和景观化的土地整治农田防护林设计,提高了项目区林带生态和景观结构的合理性。该研究为实现快速化农田防护林生态景观设计提供方法。

Ecological and landscape design of farmland shelterbelt in land consolidation

The quick and effective improvement of farmland shelterbelts has become an urgent task for ecological landscape design in land consolidation. On the basis of field investigation, the spatial arrangement and composition of present shelterbelts were determined in farmlands in this study. Major parameters of the shelterbelts like porosity, effective protection distance and ground area were analyzed and important functional areas and landscape structures including advantage landscape space, landscape node, important landscape axis, were identified in the experimental area. A new shelterbelt system based on ecological landscape process was designed, which could much better support the ecological functions of the investigated landscape. The new design included an improved plant composition and structure, and minimized the required land area for the construction of shelterbelts. The results of this study showed that a careful shelterbelt design, which also considered present landscape features and was inherent ecological processes, achieved an effective improvement of deteriorated farmlands. This research provides methods to design ecological landscape of farmland shelterbelt in land consolidation.