大垄宽窄行免耕种植对土壤水分和玉米产量的影响

为了解决东北玉米小垄原垄免耕播种机具易掉入垄沟的问题，发挥宽窄行优势，加强农机农艺结合，该文提出了大垄宽窄行错茬免耕播种的作业思路。于2007－2009年在辽宁省苏家屯区垄作保护性耕作建立试验区，研究了大垄宽窄行免耕种植对土壤体积质量、土壤含水率、作物生长及水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明：大垄宽窄行免耕种植模式能够改善土壤结构，增加土壤蓄水保水能力，其中在出苗期提高土壤水分9.39%～11.03%；与均行小垄免耕种植模式相比，大垄宽窄行免耕种植模式改善了玉米群体结构，促进了个体发育，增加了叶面积指数和干物质积累，作物产量提高了6.70%～9.49%，土壤水分利用效率提高了4.96%～8.56%，是东北地区一种较为理想的保护性耕作模式。

Effects of wide-ridge and narrow-row no-till cultivation on soil water and maize yield

To resolve the problems faced while no-till seeding on the original ridge and to avoid instability of planter, the furrow was covered by soil to form wide-ridge. The field experiment was conducted at Sujiatun in Liaoning Province in 2007-2009, and the effects of wide-ridge with wide-narrow row no-till cultivation on soil bulk density, soil water content, maize growth and water use efficiency were also studied. The results indicated that wide-ridge with wide-narrow row no-till seeding could increase the capacity of water storage and water content by 9.39%-11.03% in the seeding stage. Compared with average ridge row, the population structure was improved effectively under wide-ridge with wide-narrow row no-till cultivation. From the study it was also found that the growth of individual plants was better, dry matter accumulation and LAI were enhanced. The yield was increased by 6.70%-9.49%, and the soil water use efficiency was improved by 4.96%-8.56%. It was a perfect planting mode for conservation tillage in the northeast of China.