基于生态保护红线和生态网络的县域生态安全格局构建

随着环境形势的严峻化和生态问题的复杂化,加大对生态系统的保护已成为全民共识,而构建符合区域实际情况的生态安全格局对提升生态环境质量和维护区域可持续发展具有重要意义,已然成为国土空间规划编制和生态文明建设的重要内容。该研究以河北省青龙县为研究区,利用土地利用调查及影像数据和多年气象数据等,将生态保护红线划定方法及生态网络构建方法融合,通过空间叠加及分析将生态系统服务功能重要性评价、生态敏感性评价结果融合于研究区域的生态保护网络,旨在规避常规研究中单独使用一种方法造成保护要素缺失、安全格局不连通等问题。基于该方法构建了研究区生态安全格局。结果表明:青龙县生态保护红线总面积达443.94 km^2,占县域面积的12.7%,主要分布在东南部和西北部的国有林场区和中部的河流水系沿线地带;生态网络由11块生态源地、24条生态廊道、22个生态节点和34个生态断裂点构成;青龙县生态安全格局由生态安全保护要素、生态安全保护目标区以及生态安全保护措施共同构成。研究结果可为县域尺度的国土空间规划的制定和生态修复及保护工程的建设实施提供技术支撑和科学依据。

Construction of county-level ecological security pattern based on ecological protection red line and network in China

Abstract:, Complex ecological environment has posed increasing challenges to protect the ecosystem in recent years. In China, an environmental strategy has been initiated, called "ecological protection red lines", to balance economic growth and environmental protection. An important part is to construct an ecological security pattern suitable for different regional conditions during territorial spatial planning and ecological civilization construction. This paper aims to promote the scientific implementation project of the ecological security pattern, and the overall improvement of the ecological environment quality. Taking Qinglong County as the study area, an ecological security pattern was established based on the survey data of land-use change in 2009 and 2016, remote sensing images and multi-year meteorological data. Three important functions were selected, including water resources conservation, soil conservation and biodiversity protection in the study area. In order to evaluate the importance of ecosystem service functions, the comprehensive index evaluation method was used to analyze the ecological sensitivity. Therefore, the ecological protection red line was delineated based on two evaluation results of ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity. The ecological sources were identified during Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity assessment, while the ecological corridors were produced based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and minimum cost path method. An image recognition method was used to identify ecological nodes and break points in landscape ecology for the conditions of the study areas. Consequently, the ecological network was established by using ecological sources, ecological corridors, ecological nodes, and ecological break points. After superimposing the ecological protection red line and network, the protection elements of ecological security were extracted to describe the target areas, and thereby to formulate protection measures. A complete ecological security pattern was finally constructed for the research area. The results showed that the total area of the ecological protection red line was 443.94 km2, accounting for 12.7% of the county area. This pattern mainly distributed in the state-owned forest farm areas in the southeast and northwest, and along the river system strip in the central area. The ecological network consisted of 11 ecological sources, 18 ecological corridors, 22 ecological nodes, and 34 ecological fracture points. The ecological sources were mainly distributed in the east and northwest border areas of the county, and parts of the central regions. The total length of the 18 ecological corridors was 334.22 km. The ecological security pattern of the study area included the protection elements of ecological security, target areas for security protection, and protection measures of ecological security. The protection elements of ecological security were related to the ecological protection red line, ecological sources, ecological corridors, stepping stone plaques, and ecological fracture points. The target areas of ecological security protection consisted of red line protection areas, biological migration rest areas, and biological migration channel areas. The protection measures of ecological security were specifically made for the typical target areas of ecological security protection. The research results can provide technical support and scientific basis for the formulation of territorial spatial planning and the construction, thereby to realize ecological restoration and protection at county level.