中国作物秸秆养分资源数量估算及其利用状况

基于统计数据、农户调研数据以及公开发表的文献资料中的数据，估算了2006年中国作物秸秆及其养分资源数量，并且对其利用状况进行了详细的分析。结果表明，2006年中国作物秸秆资源数量超过7.6亿t，其中，作物秸秆氮、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）养分资源数量分别达到776万t、249万t、1 342万t。从作物秸秆去向来看，作物秸秆还田、秸秆饲用、秸秆燃烧以及其他去向所占比例分别为24.3%、29.9%、35.3%和10.5%。从不同利用方式下作物秸秆养分还田情况来看，2006年中国作物秸秆氮、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）养分还田量分别达到304.6万t、175.6万t、966.7万t，占秸秆养分资源量的比例分别为39.3%、70.5%和72.0%，这表明秸秆还田比例及其养分还田比例仍然有很大的提升空间。

Estimation of nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its utilization situation in China

Based on agricultural statistics, investigating data of farmer and a number of data published in the literatures, the amount of crop straw and its nutrient resources were estimated in 2006, and the utilization situation of crop straw and its nutrient resources were analyzed in China. The results showed that there was more than 760 million tons crop straws in 2006, which included the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) nutrient were 7.76 million tons, 2.49 million tons, 13.42 million tons, respectively. Four kinds of crop straw fate appeared as follow: returned to field (including straight returning and making compost), fuel (including straight burning, setting fire and biogas), fodder and others (including raw material of industry and throwing aside), and the percentage of that were 24.3%, 29.9%, 35.3% and 10.5% in 2006, respectively. The amount of crop straw nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) nutrient returned to field were 3.05 million tons, 1.76 million tons, 9.67 million tons, respectively. And the rates of the straw nutrient returned to field were 39.3%, 70.5% and 72.0%, respectively. There were great potential of crop straw returned to field, and drastic measures would be needed to reverse the trend of straw burned.