矿区耕地整治潜力评价与整治分区

探索矿区耕地整治潜力评价方法,为新时期矿区耕地整治的实施提供科学依据。该研究以山西省长河流域为例,从耕地的利用低效利用度、生态脆弱度和土地损毁度3个维度构建矿区耕地整治潜力指标体系,在进行分项测度的基础上,结合地形和社会经济因素进行修正,集成测算了耕地整治潜力,并利用自组织双重聚类和DB指数(Davies-Bouldin Index)确定耕地整治分区和整治策略。结果表明:1)长河流域耕地低效利用度、生态脆弱度、土地损毁度及整治潜力的空间分异显著;2)长河流域划分为健康利用提升区、耕地资源整理区、重点生态修复区、损毁土地复垦区、土地治理优配区和综合土地整治区6类分区,并据此制订差异化的整治策略;3)基于自组织双重聚类划定的耕地整治项目区空间连片性较高,利于耕地整治的全域覆盖,研究为同类区域开展耕地整治潜力评价提供借鉴,也为新时期矿区土地整治规划提供指导。

Farmland consolidation potential evaluation and consolidation zoning in mining areas

Abstract: Mining area generally refers to the land within 1 km of the mining sites or operations. In mining area, the utilization of farmland resources was confined, due to a complex geographical region, the natural conditions of terrain fluctuation, and landform fragmentation. Furthermore, high-intensity coal mining in a long term and large scale has led to the land degradation and ecological environment deterioration. In order to seek the sustainable utilization of farmland in mining area, it is particularly important to rationally evaluate the potential of farmland consolidation, and to strengthen the intensity of farmland consolidation. The land consolidation aims to realize the development of mineral resources, protection of land resources, and the construction of ecological civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to change from the traditional practice of consolidation and restoration centering on a single element, to the comprehensive land consolidation according to the actual problems, such as inefficient utilization of land resources, fragile ecology, and land damage. In mining area, it is urgent to evaluate the potential of land consolidation, and thereby to make zoning plan, with emphasis on the farmland. Previously, most studies focused on single consolidation type in the evaluation of farmland consolidation potential. A comprehensive evaluation is lacking, together with the multi-dimensional and comprehensive evaluation method. In addition, K-means clustering, system clustering, and weighted summation model were commonly used in consolidation zoning. However, these methods can only determine the spatial clustering characteristics of farmland, and fail to identify that of attributes. In this study, taking the Changhe Basin as an example, an index system was established for consolidation potential of farmland in mining area from three aspects, including the inefficient utilization of farmland, ecological fragile, and land damage. According to subentry measure, an improved model was proposed to estimate the consolidation potential of farmland, combining with the terrain and socio-economic factors. A self-organization dual clustering and DB index were used to determine the consolidation division and strategies. The results showed that: 1) There were significantly spatial differences in the inefficient utilization, ecological fragile, land damage, and consolidation potential of farmland in the Changhe Basin. 2) Six divisions can be divided, including the improvement area of healthy utilization, readjustment area of farmland resource, key ecological restoration area, reclamation area of damaged land, optimization area of land management, and comprehensive land consolidation area. Against the background of ecological civilization construction, there were significant differences in the main direction of farmland consolidation among various zones. Therefore, the consolidation strategies of differentiated farmland can be recommended to integrate land consolidation, ecological restoration, and land reclamation. 3) There was a relatively high spatial connectedness of farmland consolidation area, based on the self-organization dual clustering, indicating a benefit to the whole domain coverage of farmland consolidation. The finding can provide an insightful reference for the evaluation of consolidation potential in similar farmland, and thereby to offer a scientific guidance for the planning of land consolidation and engineering measurement in intelligent agriculture.