重庆市农村耕地资源贫困测度及空间格局研究

探索耕地资源贫困状态,揭示耕地资源贫困在空间上的集聚与异化,对整治耕地资源与提高利用效益具有重要意义.该文在引入“耕地资源贫困”概念的基础上,通过构建农村耕地资源贫困测度评价指标体系与耕地资源贫困指数模型,运用动态层次分析法和空间自相关分析,对重庆市37个区县的耕地资源贫困程度以及在空间上的集聚与异化进行研究.结果表明,时间序列上,重庆市耕地资源贫困程度不断降低,各区县贫困程度差距巨大但逐年不断缩小;空间分布上,耕地资源贫困程度呈现出渝东北＞渝东南＞城市新区＞主城区的特征,并且贫困程度高值区域由渝东南向渝东北转移,贫困程度低值区域由主城区向城市发展新区扩散;空间关联上,重庆市耕地资源贫困呈现出显著的空间集聚效益,高值中心集聚于渝东南和渝东北,低值中心集聚于主城及城市发展新区.

Study on poverty measure of farmland resources and spatial pattern in Chongqing

As the core element of agricultural production,arable land resource provides an important support for regional food security and rural economic and social development.The measurement of arable land resource poverty and the revelation of its space aggregation and alienation pose a great significance to improve the arable land utilization,coordinate the urban,rural and regional development and target the poverty alleviation.This paper establishes a model of arable land poverty index,which combines dynamic analytic hierarchy process (AHP),exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA),and Moran's index,to conduct the research on the poverty of arable land resource and its spatial aggregation and alienation in 37 regions and counties of Chongqing City through building an evaluation system for rural arable land poverty measurement on the basis of the concept “arable resource poverty”.The study shows,in time dimension,the arable land poverty in Chongqing City gradually reduces and the large gaps between regions and counties indicate a decrease year by year.With the progress of farming technologies,land policies and infrastructure,the capabilities of human to adapt to the arable land poverty are enhancing.However,the arable land resource tends to shift from natural poverty to social and economic poverty.In spatial dimension,the poverty of arable land resource in Chongqing City presents a trend of northeast＞southeast＞new city district＞main urban area based on the degree of poverty mainly due to the regional natural environment conditions,the resource spatial distribution and the huge difference of regional economic and social status.The high value area of poverty moves from southeast to northeast,while the low value area radiates from the main urban area towards the new city district.Based on the spatial connection,the spatial aggregation of arable land resource among regions and counties in Chongqing becomes visible,and the aggregation profits are increasing,while part of similar values are weakening,and the high-high aggregation areas are mainly situated in the southeast and northeast areas of Chongqing,and the low-low aggregation areas are located in the main urban area and new city district;the high-value center of aggregation shifts from the southeast to the northeast,and the low-value center is moving from the main urban area to the new city district;the arable land resource poverty in part of main urban area tends to aggravate.Therefore,intensifying the management on the arable land resource poverty and reducing the natural difference among arable land resource distribution leading to regional development imbalance are the key issues for governments and academia.The paper suggests that the government should:1) increase the investment in the rural infrastructure,especially in the poor areas including the southeast and northeast areas of Chongqing to improve the farming conditions;2) reinforce the management of the rural land,especial for arable land in order to elevate the quality and quantity of the arable land resource;3) improve the land system and policies,and propel the farming technology research to diminish the social and economic poverty of arable land resource so as to shake off the restrictions from the natural resources scarcity and provide a new idea and thought for relieving the arable land resource poverty.