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适宜超高压处理条件脱除大蒜臭味保持抗氧化和抑菌能力
引用本文:孙思成,刘璐璐,徐新星,廖小军,吴继红.适宜超高压处理条件脱除大蒜臭味保持抗氧化和抑菌能力[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(19):308-314.
作者姓名:孙思成  刘璐璐  徐新星  廖小军  吴继红
作者单位:中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心,农业部果蔬加工重点开放实验室,北京 100083
基金项目:新疆自治区杰出青年科技创新人才培养项目(2014711009);国家自然科学基金项目(41371200、41671114);西部之光项目(2015-XBQN- A-06)。
摘    要:为了提升大蒜头产品的品质,该研究将超高压技术应用于大蒜头产品处理中,探究了在200、300、400、500 MPa压力条件下处理10 min,大蒜风味物质,尤其是含硫挥发性化合物的变化,同时考察超高压对大蒜主要活性成分大蒜素含量、抗氧化和抑菌能力的影响.试验结果表明,超高压处理较于在95℃下60 s的蒸汽漂烫处理,不仅具有良好的杀菌作用,同时还可以去除大蒜中的刺激性风味,起到脱臭作用.大蒜经500 MPa处理后,主要蒜臭味嗅感物质二烯丙基二硫化物含量降低至30.69%,经过热处理的大蒜,二烯丙基二硫醚化合物则降低至54.68%,与超高压处理后的大蒜具有显著性差异(P<0.05).500 MPa处理后的大蒜中大蒜素浓度上升至0.079 mmol/L,高出热处理组具有显著性差异(P<0.05);铁离子还原能力较热处理组高出64.24%,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼清除率高出热处理组28.68%,具有显著性差异(P<0.05);经热处理后的大蒜均丧失全部抑菌能力,而超高压处理后的大蒜对不同种的细菌仍具有一定的抑菌能力,对黑曲霉的抑菌能力与无处理组无显著差异.相关性分析结果显示,大蒜的抑菌能力与硫醚类化合物显著相关(r>0.884),与二烯丙基二硫醚、总酚含量未呈现显著相关,抗氧化能力未与硫醚类化合物含量、二烯丙基二硫醚、总酚呈显著相关趋势.研究结果为大蒜头产品的品质改良提供参考.

关 键 词:杀菌  风味  压力  超高压技术  脱臭  抗氧化活性  抑菌能力
收稿时间:2017/3/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/8/10 0:00:00

Dynamics of soil carbon storage under different land use years in arid agriculture
Sun Sicheng,Liu Lulu,Xu Xinxing,Liao Xiaojun and Wu Jihong.Dynamics of soil carbon storage under different land use years in arid agriculture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(19):308-314.
Authors:Sun Sicheng  Liu Lulu  Xu Xinxing  Liao Xiaojun and Wu Jihong
Institution:1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China,1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and 1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
Abstract:The impact of agricultural land use on soil carbon storage is one of the international scientific focuses in climate-change mitigation. Aimed to understand the effect of agricultural land development and utilization on soil carbon storage, a study was conducted in different period of farmland at the Fubei Farm of Sangong River Basin in Xinjiang, northwest of China (87°49′-88°16′E, 43°50′-44°22′N). The agricultural lands were selected within different land use years such as 1, 5, 15, 30 and 50 a in the studied area, and the wasteland with little disturbance was selected as a reference land in the same soil type and near position of cropland. Soil samples from these sites were obtained by handy soil auger at 20 cm intervals in a depth of 200 cm and analyzed in the laboratory. Samples were air-dried and crushed to pass through a 2-mm mesh. The patterns of soil carbon storage and its dynamic change were analyzed and compared with the depth of 0-200 cm in recent 50 years, including soil organic carbon, soil inorganic carbon and soil salinity. The results revealed the following: 1) Soil carbon content generally increased with land use years. Soil inorganic carbon content changed by soil depth, with a maximum value of 20.96 g/kg at 180-200 cm. Soil organic carbon presented an opposite trend with the maximum value of 9.51 g/kg at 0-20 cm; 2) In the soil profile, The coefficients of variation of soil carbon content (including organic carbon and inorganic carbon) was gradually increased to moderate intensity variation in 0-80 cm, and then rapidly reduced by more than 40%underneath 80 cm, indicating that the long-term agricultural land development and utilization in arid area had a significant impact on the distribution of soil carbon at 0-80 cm. The variability of soil inorganic carbon and soil total carbon tended to be enhanced with the land use years, while the organic carbon tended to weaken in recent 50 years; 3) The ratio of SIC to SOC increased with the depths of soil layer, and it changed from 0.028 in wasteland to 0.08 in 50 years of cropland (P<0.01). It suggested that the proportion of soil inorganic carbon increased with soil depth and land use years, indicating the role of soil inorganic carbon was enhanced in the long-term agricultural land use process in arid area; 4) During the development and utilization of agricultural land in the past 50 years, the soil carbon storage increased significantly at 0-200 cm depth of soil profile, which was a typical process of carbon sequestration in the studied area. The increased soil inorganic carbon storage and organic carbon storage were mainly showed in 100-200 cm and 0-100 cm respectively. But the amounts of carbon source/sink were different in the soil layer and land use years; 5) Soil salinity showed a decreasing trend along with land use years. Compared to value in wasteland, soil salinity decreased by 655% in land use of 50 a (P<0.001). The linear fitting of salinity and carbon content showed that there was a significant negative correlation between salinity and soil inorganic carbon and total carbon (P<0.10), while no significant correlation with the soil organic carbon (P>0.05). The results showed that the agricultural use leads to an obvious C sink in the soil only in the long term.
Keywords:land use  soils  organic carbon  inorganic carbon  carbon accumulation  variation
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