气流作用位置对杂交水稻制种气力式授粉花粉分布的影响

摘要：为研究气流作用位置对杂交水稻制种气力式授粉花粉分布效果的影响，分析了杂交水稻气力式授粉中花粉的两种运动情况，重点分析了气流作用下植株受力及气力作用层下层的花粉运动情况，对气流不同作用位置产生的弯曲变形进行了对比分析，从花粉的分散密度、水平分布、竖直分布三个方面评价气流作用位置对花粉分布的影响效果。结果表明：气流作用位置对花粉量、水平分布、竖直分布影响明显，气流中心作用在穗头中部位置（穗顶下100 mm/200 mm）时，能得到较大的花粉扩散量，花粉水平、竖直分布量明显增多，且有利于花粉沿气流方向的分布；作用位置主要影响传播花粉量以及花粉的分布，对花粉沿气流方向分布的距离影响较小。

Effects of location of airflow on pollen distribution for pneumatic pollination in hybrid rice breeding

To understand the effects of airflow action position on pollen distribution for pneumatic pollination in hybrid rice breeding, the movements of two hybrid rice pollens by pneumatic pollination were investigated, the force of the plant on airflow action and the movement of pollen under the airflow layer were emphatically analyzed. Bending deformation of plants due to airflow action from various positions was analyzed. The effects of airflow acting position on the distribution of the pollen were evaluated from three aspects of the distribution density, horizontal distribution, and the vertical distribution of pollen. The results showed that the effects of airflow position on the amount of pollen, horizontal distribution, and vertical distribution were significantly different. When airflow center action in the midst position of tassel (under tassel top 100 /200 mm) , pollen diffusion quantity was more, the horizontal and vertical distribution quantity of pollen were significantly increased, which benefit the distribution of pollen along airflow direction. The location of airflow affects the amount of pollen and pollen distribution obviously, but less on the distance of pollen distribution along the direction of airflow.