日光温室用双集热管多曲面槽式空气集热器性能试验

为了提高日光温室太阳能利用率,该研究提出了一种新型双集热管多曲面槽式空气集热器,并与该研究团队提出的日光温室太阳能主-被动"三重"结构相变蓄热通风墙体相结合构成太阳能主动集热蓄热系统,应用于乌鲁木齐日光温室。基于光学与传热学理论,重点考察了集热器结构(双集热管相对位置、长度)、集热器内空气流速、集热器进口温度、太阳辐射强度等参数,对该集热器光学性能和集热性能的影响规律。大量实验室试验及现场应用研究结果表明:1)新型双管集热器与同类型的单管集热器相比,空气流量增加了一倍、单位面积集热量增加了16%、集热效率提高了9%,冬季无跟踪条件下的集热效率为44%~52%;2)2015年11月-2016年2月乌鲁木齐日光温室应用实测结果表明,在集热器长度为16 m、管内空气流速为2.0 m/s的条件下,晴天集热系统可为日光温室提供约50~65 MJ的太阳热能,冬季累计可提供约5 325 MJ的太阳热能。研究结果为日光温室高效利用太阳能主动供热提供了新的技术方法参考。

Thermal performance experiment for multiple clamber trough solar air collector with dual collector tubes for solar greenhouse

Abstract: Because of its simple structure, pipeline without cracking in winter and other advantages, solar air collectors are getting more and more applications in industry, agriculture and residence. However, air has the disadvantages of small specific heat and density, so how to increase the collector efficiency and heat collection of air collectors has become the focus of research on solar air collectors. In recent years, multi-surface condenser air collector has gradually developed, which has the advantages of small size, easy installation and maintenance management, and high outlet temperature. Our research team has put forward a multi-chamber trough solar air collector with single collector tube. However, it has the shortcomings of low air flow and low heat collection efficiency however. In order to improve solar greenhouse solar energy utilization, this study proposed a new type of multi-chamber trough solar air collector with dual collector tubes to improve the collector performance. This collector is combined with the heat storage ventilation wall of solar greenhouse with solar active-passive "triple" structural phase change to constitute the active solar thermal storage system, which is used in Urumqi solar greenhouse. Based on the theory of optics and heat transfer, the experiment was designed and carried out to investigate the influence discipline of different parameters on thermal performances and optical performances for multi-chamber trough solar air collector with dual collector tubes. The parameters include the structure size (the relative position and the length of double collector tubes), air velocity inside the collector, inlet air temperature, and solar radiation. The test instruments include air collector, temperature sensor, flowmeter and data collection system. The experiment results illustrate that the collector performance of the double-tube collector is better than that of the single tube collector. Compared with the single collector tube concentrator, the air flow of the dual increased by 100%, the heat collection per unit area of the dual increased by 16%, and the heat collection efficiency of the dual increased by 9% (the heat collection efficiency of the dual was 44%-52% without tracking in winter). The relative position of double collector tubes, air velocity inside the collector and inlet air temperature were discussed in the study. The relative position 1 of double collector tubes is the best and the best air flow rate in the tube is 1.8-2.0 m/s. The collector was also applied to the solar greenhouse in Urumqi, and the results illustrate that: From November 2015 to February 2016, when the collector length is 16 m and the air velocity inside the concentrator is 2.0 m/s, the heat collecting system can provide solar thermal energy of about 50-65 MJ/day for solar greenhouse on the condition of sunny days, 35-45 MJ/day on the condition of cloudy days and 20-25 MJ/day on the condition of overcast days which have weak solar radiation. The heat collecting system can provide solar thermal energy of about 5 325 MJ for solar greenhouse by active heat storage of the wall in whole winter. This study can provide the reference for the thermal performance optimization of the collector and the new technical support for the efficient use of solar energy in solar greenhouse.